Julius Caesar, Mark Anthonys speech Essay Example

Julius Caesar, Mark Anthonys speech Essay Example Julius Caesar, Mark Anthonys speech Paper Julius Caesar, Mark Anthonys speech Paper Essay Topic: Julius Caesar After analysing Mark Anthonys speech at Julius Caesars funeral, I have come to some conclusions about the persuasive techniques used by Shakespeare to manipulate the crowd within the story and to turn the plebeians against Brutus and the other conspirators. The speech is also used to stop the commons making Brutus Caesar. Brutus has allowed Mark Anthony to give a speech at Julius Caesars funeral but only after Brutus has given his side of the story, by now Brutus has all the commons/plebeians support. During his speech Brutus offers his life. Mark Anthony starts his speech with the words You gentle Romans this sounds as if he is taking pity on them immediately drawing their full attention to him. Next he addresses them as Friends, Romans, countrymen this is appealing to their consciousness as citizens of Rome Brutus but also by addressing them using the three words it becomes more personal instead of everyone. Immediately Mark Anthony states his reason for his presence this being that he has come to bury Caesar, not to praise him, this is because the commons have turned against Caesar and so do not want to hear good of him. Also by saying this it put Mark Anthony on their side. It is at this point were told that while good is buried with the dead the evil lives on after them. This tells the commons that what Brutus has done will long be remembered whereas the good Caesar did Rome will be forgotten quickly. Like it already has. After this Mark Anthony says that Brutus Believed Caesar to be ambitious, if so it were, it was a grievous fault and grievously hath Caesar answered for it by using if Mark Anthony questions Brutuss judgement but also it seem as if Caesar died for this mans judgement. We are also told that he speaks under the watch of Brutus and the rest this told more subtly that Brutus is not in this alone. For Brutus is a honourable man so are they all; honourable men this is this is a use of sarcastic / ironic language telling us that Brutus is not the only instigator within this conspiracy. Another way he manipulates the crowd is by using the pattern of three, this technique is used to state something good about Caesar, then to compare it against the point that Brutus believed him to be ambitious. Then lastly he tells us that Brutus is honourable. This is another use of ironic language as Mark Anthony is comparing the truth about Caesar against Brutus opinion of Caesar But then pointing out that Brutus must be right as everyone thinks he is an honourable man Another reason for Mark Anthonys choice of words in this passage is that he is able to state firstly that he is not allowed to speak his mind as he is under the watch off Brutus. This also tells us that Brutus is higher up than Mark Anthony. Irony comes in to the speech because if Brutus was truly honourable then he would allow for Mark Anthony to speak freely, this shows the plebeians that Brutus is obviously not honourable and that they were wrong in thinking he was. Repetition Mark Anthony sounds very sincere when he says, The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious For Brutus is an honourable man. This makes Mark Anthony seem a friend of Brutus allowing him to gently sway the crowd but also this tells Brutus that he is speaking no bad of him. He repeats that statement three more times becoming increasingly sarcastic, saying finally, Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man. Since the people responded positively to Brutus speech, Anthony could not insult Brutus honesty in a direct manner. But instead Anthony disproves Caesars ambition with three examples. One is when he gave the ransom of captives to the public treasury and not his own, another when he cried with the poor people, and finally when he refused the kingship that Anthony offered him, three times. Anyone who was ambitious would never have done any such things. Anthony says, I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke. but in fact this is exactly what he does. When giving his speech Mark Anthony repeats the names of the instigators especially Brutus and the fact that they are all so honourable. He does to state their reputation but in fact showing the crowd that they are not honourable at all this when stating he fears to do them wrong, or He was my friend, faithful and just to me Mark Anthony has made the speech more effective by talking from personal experience and so it can not be argued as this is fact unlike Brutus reason as his is an opinion. Rhetorical One technique used by Mark Anthony is rhetorical questions. These are used when questioning Brutus Was this ambition? this is used after 3 sets of poses/pattern of three when has been built up. The second rhetorical question is when Mark Anthony asks the crowd what cause withholds you then, to mourn for him? Already answered it in the question Used for dramatic effect use of impressive language By saying this he has shown the crowd that they are allowed to mourn Subsequent to this Mark Anthony gives the answer to his rhetorical question. He does this by speaking to the crowd indirectly by addressing their judgement O Judgement thou art fled to brutish beast, and men have lost their reason. By speaking indirectly to them he states that brutish beast (Brutus) has stolen their judgment/reasoning and that there is no reason for them, not to mourn. Imagery Rhythm/rhyme Poetry Emotive language As I have already said unlike Brutus appears arrogant and forceful Anthony, who is an emotional and sincere speaker, his speech comes from the heart and personal experience this to the crowd is easier to accept and is more forthcoming. The will Mark Anthony has the will of Caesar, which he reads to the commons during his speech but the timing is crucial He introduces the will almost half way into his speech when the plebeians hear of this they want to hear it this is when Mark Anthony uses it to his advantage as he is able to keep their attention for his whole speech but he is careful not to read it b4 then otherwise they may leave so he keeps it until the very end of his speech when the anticipation has been built up, using it as a climax to his speech so that when the commons leave this is what they will remember most of all. Theatrical pause Just after Mark Anthonys use of emotive language he give a theatrical pause this is to allow the plebeians to gather their thought and to reflect/contemplate on what he has just said. It also gives time for them to form a group opinion (one that is in his favour) The Cloak Is another dramatic device used in Mark Anthonys speech to manipulate the crowd in to turning against the conspirators. He now shows the physical evidence by putting his finger through the hole of the stab wounds that were made by Brutus and the other conspirator this enrages the commons making. Once more Mark Anthony speaks to the crowd O what a fall there was, my countrymen? Then I, and you, and all of us fell down This addresses them as countrymen appealing to their socialist morals to come forward and revolt but also he is naming himself a countrymen. Mark Anthonys choice of words are very important in this speech good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up To such a rage of mutiny by introducing the idea of mutiny in the commons heads, the next time Mark Anthony has taken a theatrical pause, theyve decided to mutiny. This shows that he has spoken to turn the crowd against the conspirators. Brutus is respected by the public and is very well known and so he has a reputation for being able to speak, Mark Anthony uses this to his advantage I am no orator, as Brutus is; but (as u all know me) a plain blunt man. By telling the crowd this he is automatically giving Brutus the advantage making him look the underdog. For I have neither writ word, nor worth, action nor utterance, nor the power of speech, to stir mens blood. Here he has separated himself from the crowd that is about to mutiny. Let me not stir you up to such a sudden flood of mutiny, But were I Brutus and there were an Anthony ruffle up your spirits, and put a tongue in every wound of dead Caesar, that should move the stones of Rome to rise and mutiny. Here he subliminally told the crowd to mutiny and rage. Being the last to speak, the crowd listen to him Mark Anthony is a very honourable soldier who is loyal to anyone in power. He was a great friend to Caesar and thought very highly of him. He is extremely angry at Caesars death. He is a very cunning man as can be seen in the second part of the scene and he is able to manipulate people. He cared a lot for Caesar and as a result he grieved a lot when Caesar was killed. Because he was very close to Caesar he wants revenge and, although he can hide it, has a lot of hatred for the conspirators who killed Caesar. At first it seemed that he was so upset that Caesar had died that he would wish to die also. However, later he seems to decide that revenging his death would be a better way. He knows the conspirators only as other Romans, he does not know them as friends and knows very little about them. As a result he may not know about Cassius cunning mind that has already discovered Mark Anthonys plan for revenge.

Get Research Experience to Get Into Graduate School

Get Research Experience to Get Into Graduate School Applicants to graduate school encounter fierce competition for admission and funding in todays competitive market. How can you increase your odds of acceptance, and better yet, funding? Get research experience by assisting a faculty member to conduct his or her research. As a research assistant, youll have an exciting opportunity to do the research rather than just read about it and get important experience that will make you stand out in the graduate admissions pile. Why Become a Research Assistant? Aside from the thrill of generating new knowledge, assisting a professor with research provides many other valuable opportunities including: Gaining skills and knowledge that arent easily learned in the classroomWorking one-on-one with a faculty memberExposure to methods and techniques that will help you complete your research and dissertation.Get writing and public speaking practice by submitting papers to professional conferences and journalsDevelop a mentoring relationship with a faculty memberGet outstanding letters of recommendation Engaging in research is a worthwhile experience, regardless of whether you choose to attend graduate school, because it provides you with the opportunity to think, organize information, and demonstrate your commitment, reliability, and capacity for research. What Does a Research Assistant Do? What will be expected of you as a research assistant? Your experience will vary by the faculty member, project, and discipline. Some assistants might administer surveys, maintain and operate lab equipment, or care for animals. Others might code and enter data, make photocopies, or write literature reviews. What general tasks can you expect? Collect data by administering surveys, interviews, or running research protocolsScore, code, and enter data into a spreadsheet or statistical analysis programConduct general library research including literature searches, making copies of articles, and ordering unavailable articles and books through interlibrary loanDevelop new research ideasUse computer skills such as word processing, spreadsheet, scheduling and statistical analysis programsAssist in preparing submissions for local or regional conferences and, if accepted, work on poster or oral presentations for professional conferencesAssist faculty in preparing a manuscript to submit the results of your collaborative research to a scientific journal So, youre convinced of the value of research experience to your  graduate school application. Now what? How Do You Get Involved as a Research Assistant? First and foremost, you should perform well in class, and be motivated and visible in your department. Let faculty know that youre interested in getting involved in research. Approach faculty during office hours and ask for leads on who might be looking for  research assistants. When you find a faculty member who is looking for an assistant, carefully and honestly describe what you can offer (computer skills, Internet skills, statistical skills, and the number of hours per week youre available). Let the faculty member know that youre willing to work hard (be honest!). Ask about specific requirements such as the duration of the project, what your responsibilities will be, and the length of commitment (a semester or a year?). Remember that while you might not find anyone working on a project that you find fascinating, you will obtain excellent experience; besides your interests most likely will change as you gain more experience and education. Benefits for Faculty Youre now aware that there are many benefits to getting involved in research. Did you know that there are benefits for faculty too? They get a hardworking student to do some labor-intensive parts of research. Faculty often depend on students to further their research programs. Many  faculty  members  have ideas for studies that they dont have time to conduct   motivated students  can pick up projects and help to further  faculty research programs. If you develop a relationship with a faculty member, you might be able to help him or her conduct a project that may otherwise remain shelved for lack of time. Involving undergraduates in research also offers the opportunity for faculty to witness a students professional growth, which can be quite rewarding. As you can see, student-professor research relationships offer benefits to all involved; however, the commitment to become a research assistant is a big one. Its your responsibility to ensure that aspects of the research project get done. The faculty member will count on you to get it done right. Your performance here can give faculty members lots of good things to write in letters of recommendation. If you complete tasks competently, you might be asked to take on more responsibility and you will earn excellent letters of recommendation. However, there is a positive payoff from conducting research with faculty only if you perform competent work consistently. If you dont take the commitment seriously, are unreliable, or make repeated mistakes, your relationship with the faculty member will suffer (as will your recommendation). If you decide to work with a faculty member on his or her research, treat it as a primary responsibility and reap the rewards.

International Tourism In The United States Of America Essay

International Tourism In The United States Of America - Essay Example A number of factors made it possible for people to increasingly visit different places and enjoy a change of scene from their usual environment. Among the factors is the rise of a middle class economy as workers benefited from income generated by working in new industries. This group of citizens had extra income to spend on vacations to different areas of the country occasionally taking a number of days (Shaffer, 2001). Additionally from the late eighteenth century, there were extensive developments in the transport and communication sectors within the US making it easy for people to travel and access information about specific areas they were interested in visiting. The construction of the railroad to link major cities by 1860 was an important step in furthering the increasing interest in tourism especially from entrepreneurs such as Walter Raymond who travelled to California to identify new areas of investment in the area of resort hotel in 1883. Following these developments, there were important developments in tourism as new destinations such as in San Francisco where the Cliff House became an area of interest as well as other places such as Yosemite national Park developed as a tourist attraction from the late 1850s (Shaffer, 2001). The developments in tourism industry from the 18th up to around 1940s majorly benefited the upper class and a few groups of people from the middle class. Additionally, tourism services offered by different players were disintegrated with service providers such as transport agencies, hotels keepers, tour operators and travel agents working as distinct groups within the sector. Each of the service providers worked independent of the other without closer collaborations with those running the hotels strictly being concerned with beds while those in transportation were only concerned with offering passenger services. However, the reality in

SCC Caf Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

SCC Caf Proposal - Essay Example The chapter begins with the invention of a proposal in which it discusses the factors to consider before creating a proposal. This it explains requires the identification of a need and possible solutions. By analyzing the solutions, it becomes possible for one to develop a realistic proposal that addresses the problem. Organizing and drafting a proposal is yet another vital chapter in the book that explains the structures of proposals and tools available to students to enable them to develop effective proposals. The authors maintain that the use of language is a major factor that affects the effectiveness and usability of proposals among other types of writings. The authors advise the use of simple sentence structure in order to enhance the communication. Use of jargons is advisable only when writing professional proposals since each profession has a set of jargons. Â  The chapter is indeed vital since it addresses the essential type of writing to both students and professionals. However, students are earners and therefore require a reliable point of reference. The chapter offers an effective reference since the authors of the book use simple language and a point-by-point explanation of the process of writing a proposal a feature that makes the book easy to use. Additionally, the authors use the various example just in order to enhance the learners’ comprehension of the facts and ideas they present in the book. The various illustrations in the chapter coupled with the descriptive language the authors use in the chapter are among the factors that enhance the usability of the chapter thus the book. Â  In retrospect, the chapter offers an effective and elaborate explanation of the topical issue. The authors try their best to develop an effective learning material targeting young learners.

Square Pharma Essay Example for Free

Square Pharma Essay The scope of the report was based on the annual reports web site, input from interviews of executives of the SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited. To analyze the situation in question, we worked on focusing on SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited and analyzing their objectives, market strategies, market situations, product mixes, etc. The analysis was based on the exposed and available information only. In-depth data were not always available on-demand due to some unavailable reasons. SWOT analysis of the company has been done. Objective of the study: The specific objectives aimed for this report is to analyze the environmental factors that influence the marketing sector of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited. Methodology: Information used to prepare this report has been collected from both the primary and secondary sources which together provided more comprehensive information. Collection of the data: An open discussion method was followed to gather primary information by informally interviewing the various executives of the company. Participants were purposefully selected as they commonly engaged in marketing directly or indirectly. Observations were also used to collect primary data while working in different desks. The secondary data was accumulated from two sources- a. internal and b. external. The former sources were annual reports, periodicals, articles and brochures published by the company. So in later we use journals, research papers and articles from various online sources. Limitations of the Study: This report suffered from several limitations: †¢ The most important of them was â€Å"time constraint†. Time was not adequate to complete the study more perfectly. †¢ Another important limitation was â€Å"inaccessibility in many section of the organization†. We confronted difficulties in getting appointment from the desired respondents as well as appropriate response from the selected respondents due to being confidential for the company. †¢ This report also suffered from inadequate secondary information. †¢ This report’s factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. †¢ The findings may not be generalized to the SPL as a whole. About SQUARE pharmaceuticals Ltd: SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited is the largest pharmaceutical Company in Bangladesh and is leading the Pharmaceuticals sector from the very beginning. It has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. It was established in 1958 and converted into a public limited company in 1991. The sales turnover of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd was more than Taka 7.5 Billion (US$ 107.91 million) with about 16.92%market share (April 2006– March 2007) having a growth rate of about 23.17%. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited is an organization with equal emphasis on Leadership, Technology, Quality and Passion. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is the leading branded generic pharmaceutical manufacturer in Bangladesh producing essential and other ethical drugs and medicines by maintaining the quality. SQUARE today symbolizes a name a state of mind. But its journey to the growth and prosperity has been no bed of roses. From the inception in 1958, it has today burgeoned into one of the top line conglomerates in Bangladesh. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd., the flagship company, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985and is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals started as a Partnership Firm in 1958. It converted into a Private Limited Company in 1964. The company made its initial price offering in 1995. It has achieved MHRA certificate as the first pharmaceutical company of Bangladesh. Environmental factors influencing the marketing activities of SQUARE pharmaceuticals Ltd: Environmental factors and forces that exist in our outside marketing affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationship with target customers. And successful companies like â€Å"SQUARE pharmaceuticals Ltd† know the vital importance of constantly watching and adapting to the changing environment. Microenvironment of SQUARE pharmaceuticals Ltd: TheCompany: In designing marketing plans marketing management takes other company groups into account-groups such as top management, finance, research and development, purchasing, operations and accounting. SQUARE strives for best compensation to all the employees who constitute the back-bone of the management and operational strength of the company through a pay-package composing salary/wages, allowances, bonuses, profit participation, leave salary and superannuation retirement benefits. Suppliers: Suppliers like as- different in regents of making pharmaceuticals products, packaging related products and others. They provide the resources needed by the company to produce its goods and services. Supplier’s problem can seriously affect marketing. SQUARE strives for the best co-operation of suppliers who offer them at the best prices at the opportune moments. Marketing Intermediaries: Marketing intermediaries includes resellers, physical distribution firms, marketing services agencies and financial intermediaries. SQUARE pharmaceuticals Ltd do not have physical distribution firms or marketing services. But they influenced by reseller and financial intermediaries to market their goods and services. Customers: The five types of customer markets are consumer, business, reseller, government and international market. Square strives, for top quality health care products at the least cost reaching the lowest rungs of the economic class of people in the country. Square values our social obligations. SQUARE pharmaceuticals Ltd have enough capturing power in all the customer markets. That is why they are in leading role in pharmaceuticals business in Bangladesh. Competitors: The marketing concept states that to be successful, a company must provide greater customers value and satisfaction than its competitors do. A team of scientific pharmaceutical experts who continuously conduct research development programs for improving quality of products, reduction of cost, adaptation of products that are free of intellectual property rights and innovative products. These efforts have enabled the company to add new products to its product lines every year to the benefit of the common men of the country and the shareholders. The success in this field has secured the leading position for the company in the pharmaceutical sector. Publics: Any group has an actual or potential interest in or impact on an organizational ability to achieve its objectives. They are financial, media, government, citizen action, local, general and internal publics. SQUARE strives for best compensation to all the employees who constitute the back-bone of the management and operational strength of the company through a pay-package composing salary/wages, allowances, bonuses, profit participation, leave salary and superannuation retirement benefits. Square strives for practicing good-governance in every sphere of activities covering inter alia not being limited to, disclosure reporting to shareholders, holding AGM in time, distribution of dividends and other benefits to shareholders, reporting/dissemination of price sensitive information, acquisition of shares by insiders, recruitment promotion of staff, procurement supplies, sale of assets etc. all that directly and indirectly affect the interest of concerned groups the shareholders, the creditors, suppliers, employees, government and the public in general. Macro environment of SQUARE pharmaceuticals Ltd: Demographic environment: Demography is the study of human, populations in terms of age, density, location, gender, race, occupation and other. SQUARE pharmaceuticals Ltd is the pioneer of pharmaceuticals business in our country. So they our countries overall population and gradually they are capturing the international market. Square strives for equality between sexes, races, religions and regions in all spheres of our operation without any discriminatory treatment. Economic environment: This environment consists of buying and selling pattern, spending power, income, saving patterns of a group and this environment can discussed in two ways – (1) Subsistence and (2) Industrial economics. Square owes their shareholders and strive for protection of their capital as well as ensure highest return and growth of their assets. SQUARE pharmaceutical is influenced by the economic environment of our country directly. Economic conditions influence the growth and continuation of their entire business operations. Natural environment: Marketers take natural resources as input. Considerations of marketers in case of their awareness about natural resources are (1) Shortage in supply of raw materials (2) Increased population (3) Government interventions, SQUARE pharmaceuticals Ltd produce and distributes their product by their own. So they are aware of above and considerations for their betterment. Square strives for an environment free from pollution and poisoning. Technological environment: Incase of capture the following and need markets, marketers should consider the facts and they are (1) Accelerating pace of technological change, (2) New markets and opportunities, (3) Innovational oppurtunities.The international market become more competitive due to globalization. So technological environment and it’s considering factors are a matter of concern of importer and their marketing. SQUARE pharmaceuticals Ltd is endeavoring to upgrade and adopt new technology in production, quality control, distribution and administration of its products to patients. During the year (2007-2008) the company invested an amount of Tk. 36,424,234 in improving its Laboratory. Political environment: The considerations of political environment are- (1) Legislation regulation of business, (2) Changing government agency enforcement, (3) Increased emphasis on ethics and society, (4) Political situation. The political condition of our country is not so stable. So SQUARE pharmaceuticals Ltd faced many damage due to change in political condition of our country. Square strives for fulfillment the responsibility to the government through payment of entire range of due taxes, duties and claims by various public agencies like municipalities etc. Cultural environment: Incase of cultural environment, a company should think about following considerations (1) People views of themselves, (2) People views of society,(3) People views of organization (4) People views of nature,(5) People views of universe. Square strives for the achievement of millennium development goals for the human civilization. Square strives for an environment free from pollution and poisoning. Square strives, as responsible citizen, for a social order devoid of malpractices, anti-environmental behaviors, unethical and immoral activities and corruptive dealings.

Essay --

1/9/14 Henry Graham Greene was an influential 20th century author who was able to combine serious literary recognition with present day popularity whose collections impact the modern world today. Greene is notorious for religious studies and involved in making changes to the literary world, enabling readers to further explore theological concerns. Leaving an imprint on literature, many study his works and still celebrate his legacy all over the world. Rebelling against his own beliefs and suffering with bipolar disorder , many aspects of Greene’s life remain unrecognized which encourages many to study his impact on the present day. Native to Berkhamsted, England, Greene was born October 2, 1904 to parents Charles and Marion Raymond Greene, who were first cousins. Greene grew up in the St. John’s House, a boarding school where his father was the housemaster. Accustomed to a large family, Greene spent his childhood summers with his uncle at the Harston House, another boarding school, where he learned to read. As a boarder at the St. John’s House, Greene was bullied and spent years in depression with several attempts of suicide. At the age of 16, Greene was sent for psychotherapy in London, later returning to his former home to continue as a day student. Beginning his first year at Oxford University, Greene became a member of the Communist party. Although leaving this party quickly, Greene wrote profiles on Ho Chi Minh and Fidel Castro to relay his studies (Coleman 529). A rough period in his life encouraged Greene to seek religious outlets that influenced his works as did his political affiliations. In 1926, greene converted from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism. The reasoning for this transformation was to seek cure to the sufferin... ...ligion and social ideologies. Recently, a documentary further exploring Greene’s early life and career was released drawing attention to his change to writing. Greene’s novels, poems, and plays are still being produced into films and performed in theaters across the globe. Each year, Graham Greene is recognized at the Graham Greene International Festival held in Berkhamsted on his birthday, October 2, to further promote his studies and gather fans to discuss. Modest about his literature and a confusing character to understand, Greene left the impression among many that his career was merely a sign from his youth to express what he knew, and what he could explore and discuss with others: â€Å"My two fingers on a typewriter have never connected with my brain. My hand on a pen does. A fountain pen, of course. Ball-point pens are only good for filling out forms on a plane.†

Boston Tea Party Essay

Attention Getter: You probably wouldn’t believe me if I told you that a drug that creates the same signaling activity in the brain as cocaine is sold legally on almost every street corner across the nation. This is a fact however, and the drug is caffeine. It is one of the main ingredients in coffee, and is currently the most frequently used recreational drug in the world. Establish Credibility: I personally consider myself a coffee expert, and have been drinking at least one cup of coffee almost every morning for the last three years. Relate to the audience: Now, I know not every one of you drinks coffee but as you can tell by the multiple Dutch Bros, Starbucks, and other coffee shops around town it is a very big part of our culture today. Preview: Throughout the course of this speech, I will discuss three major points relating to coffee. First, I will give some information on the history of coffee and when it first came into human culture, followed by the positive health benefits and some of the negative health risks associated with coffee. [First of all, I’m going to talk a little bit about the historical side of coffee and how it first got popular in our culture. ] Body I. Main Point: To understand why coffee is such a big part of modern day society, we must first understand where it originated. A. Sub-point: Coffee was first cultivated on the Arabian Peninsula in the 15th century. 1. Supporting details: Not only were the Arab’s the first to cultivate coffee, but they also were the first to trade coffee. 2. By the 16th century, the popularity of coffee was already expanding and Persia, Egypt, Syria and Turkey all had discovered about the amazing beverage. B. Sub-point: By the 17th century coffee was still gaining notoriety around the world, however it was still not a household favorite as it as today. 1. Supporting Details: Coffee houses started sprouting up everywhere in the 1700’s, however tea was still the most popular drink around. 2. In 1773 a heavy tax on tea was inflicted by King George, which led to a pretty famous revolt called The Boston Tea Party. 3. Since people couldn’t afford tea after the tax, coffee quickly took over as the most popular morning beverage across the world, and remains the most popular today. [Although coffee has been drank for hundreds of years, the majority of its health benefits have only recently been discovered in the last few decades. ] II. Main Point: The majority of people drink coffee just to get through each day, however it does have many positive benefits to your health. A. Sub-point: Within just the last few years alone there has been research done showing that coffee may protect against type 2 diabetes, liver cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. 1. Supporting details: According the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, liver cancer is the ninth leading cause of cancer and coffee has been shown to reduce risk of liver cancer by 40%. 2. Drinking coffee reduces the risk of diabetes as well, which is a common risk factor of liver cancer. B. Sub-point: One of the other medical uses of coffee is in preventing Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. 1. Supporting details: The most common neurodegenerative disease and number 1 cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s. 2. There is no cure for Alzheimer’s, however it has been shown that coffee drinkers have up to a 65% lower risk of getting the disease. [You might be thinking coffee is a miracle drink after some of those statistics, however it also has many negative effects on health as well. ] III. Main Point: There are a great deal of health issues that can result from drinking coffee, with some of the most common being addiction, insomnia and increased blood pressure. A. Sub-point: As a college student, one of the last things you will ever want to experience is insomnia, but it is a regular side effect of coffee. 1. Supporting details: By blocking certain receptors in the brain, coffee prevents chemicals that induce sleep from being used. B. Sub-point: Another widely studied effect of coffee, specifically caffeine, is how addictive it is. 1. Supporting details: Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system and regular use will result in a physical dependence. 2. If a regular coffee drinker doesn’t have their daily cup, they will feel fatigued, irritable, and experience headaches within the first 24 hours. Conclusion 1. Transition Signal: In conclusion, coffee isn’t for everyone but if you do choose to consume it, you at least now know how it affects you. 2. Summary of Main Points: Throughout this speech we looked at how coffee first gained popularity in the human race, some of it’s positive health benefits as well as some of the negatives. 3. Call to Action: Even if you’ve never been a fan of coffee, try drinking a cup before your next study session and see if you still don’t like it. 4. Memorable end: Although it may be addicting and cause serious potential health problems, there must be something special about coffee considering over half of adults in the U. S. drink it daily. References: 1) â€Å"Coffee Acts Just like Cocaine, Says Scientist. † BeverageDaily. com. Beverage Daily, 02 Sept. 2002. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 2) Goldschein, Eric. â€Å"11 Incredible Facts About The Global Coffee Industry. † Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc, 14 Nov. 2011. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 3) Gunnars, Kris. â€Å"13 Proven Health Benefits of Coffee† Authority Nutrition. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 4) â€Å"The History Of Coffee. † – National Coffee Association. NCA, n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 5) Stromberg, Joseph. â€Å"This Is How Your Brain Becomes Addicted to Caffeine. † Smithsonian. N. p. , 9 Aug. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. 6) Van Dam, Rob. â€Å"Ask the Expert: Coffee and Health. † The Nutrition Source. Harvard School of Public Health, n. d. Web. 09 Nov. 2014. 7) Weber, Belinda. â€Å"Coffee Consumption Cuts Liver Cancer Risk. † Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, 22 Oct. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2014.