Effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes Literature review

Effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus - Literature review Example The conclusion from this review states that there are both positive and negative aspects with regards to the effectiveness of SMBG. Hence, the inquiry regarding SMBG effectiveness still remains fully unanswered. Therefore, this research review recommends that further studies be conducted which will explore all the aspects of SMBG utilization since most of the papers only focused on a few elements of SMBG use. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Diabetes Mellitus is a progressive metabolic disorder which influences a growing number of people—the worldwide elevation in numbers of adults with diabetes has been predicted at 122%, from 135 million in 1995 to 300 million in 2025 (Feinglos and Bethel, 2008). In addition, it is a common, costly medical condition often related with significant morbidity and mortality (Schilling McCann, 2007). There are several types of diabetes mellitus and these include: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Me llitus brought about by pregnancy. This paper will only focus specifically on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a worldwide health crisis as stressed by Feinglos and Bethel (2008); it is previously termed as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM (Schilling McCann, 2007). It is also labelled as adult-onset diabetes for the reason that is typically or frequently linked with older age, commonly after age 40; in this medical condition, insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory defects is evident (Schilling McCann, 2007). Diabetes Mellitus in general can be affected by a variety of factors which may or may not be modifiable. The factors that cannot be altered include age, family history and genetics (Schilling McCann, 2007). On the contrary, the... The main purpose of the research is to present Diabetes Mellitus as a progressive metabolic disorder which influences a growing number of people—the worldwide elevation in numbers of adults with diabetes has been predicted at 122%, from 135 million in 1995 to 300 million in 2025. In addition, it is a common, costly medical condition often related with significant morbidity and mortality. There are several types of diabetes mellitus and these include: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Mellitus brought about by pregnancy. This paper will only focus specifically on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a worldwide health crisis as stressed by Feinglos and Bethel; it is previously termed as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM. It is also labelled as adult-onset diabetes for the reason that is typically or frequently linked with older age, commonly after age 40; in this medical condition, insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory defects is evident. Diabetes Mellitus in general can be affected by a variety of factors which may or may not be modifiable. The factors that cannot be altered include age, family history and genetics. On the contrary, the modifiable factors of diabetes mellitus are diet, lifestyle and exercise. There are different methods that could be beneficial in the treatment and management of diabetes.

Prevention Strategies for Escherichia Coli

Prevention Strategies for Escherichia Coli a) As the snack food is made from meat, there are four types of bacteria that will possibly contaminate it which are Escherichia.coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus,and Listeria monocytogenes (FSIS, 2015). Escherichia.coli is a bacterial that is usually present in the intestines of humans and animals. Although, most of them are harmless as they play an important role in the intestinal tract of a healthy individual. However, there are a few of them that are pathogenic as they can result in diarrhea and can be transmitted through the contact of human or animalfaeces. Altogether, there are sixpathotypes that are linked with diarrhea which are as follows Shiga toxin-producing   Escherichia.coli (STEC), Enterotoxigenic Escherichia.coli (ETEC), Enteropathogenic Escherichia.coli (EPEC), Enteroaggregative Escherichia.coli (EAEC), Enteroinvasive Escherichia.coli (EIEC), Diffusely adherent  Escherichia.coli   (DAEC) (CDC, 2015). However, the Escherichia.coliO157 strain, which is classified under Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia.coli (STEC), is considered the most harmful as it causes bloody diarrhea, kidney failure and can result indeath (Anon., 2015). It infects its host by producing large amounts of Shiga toxins that damages the intestinal lining severely to cause Hemorrhagic Colitis or otherwise known as bloody diarrhea. It can also cause Hemolytic uremic syndrome which results in kidney injury (Koo, 2014). Salmonellais a common bacterial that usually cause food poisoning which targets the stomach and intestines. It is normally present in meat, eggs, unprocessed milk and poultry (Bech, 2014). The symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, fever, stomach cramps, and vomiting which usually last for 4 to 7 days. The incubation period is between 12 and 72 hours upon infection (England, 2014). However, one must consume Salmonella contaminated food in order to cause infection (FSIS, 2015). Staphylococcus aureusis a common bacteria found on the skin, nasal passages, throats and hair of healthy individuals.Staphylococcalfood contamination can occur when a person who is infected with the bacteria handles the steakwithout proper sanitary handling procedures. Other possible sources of meat contamination of Staphylococcus aureus can also take place such as the surfaces and equipment that the meat is prepared on (Anon., 2015). Staphylococcal food poisoning happens when an individual ingest the enterotoxins that are produced in the contaminated meat, often due to the improper heating up of the meat to kill off most of the bacteria (USFDA, 2014). Listeria monocytogenesis a bacterium that is usually found in soil, water, uncooked and processed meat, cooked or processed food, smoked salmon, vegetables and dairy products (CDC, 2013). Ingestion of food contaminated with this bacterium can cause Listeriosis which is a serious infection (CDC, 2013). AlthoughListeria monocytogenescan be killed by proper cooking, the bacteria can still contaminate the cooked meat due to physical hazards such as poor food handling practices and sanitation (FSIS, 2015). Another potential food safety hazard that I have identify is the use of herbs and spices to marinate the steak. Herbs come from plants and spices are from seeds, bark or roots of plants (Ward, 2010). Because they are from plants, which contains spore-producing bacteria, this indicates that the bacteria spores is capable of further contaminating raw meat which is in contact with soil and vegetative origin.This would introduce additional microbiological hazards such as Bacillus spp. and spore forming organisms which are able to survive the drying process and continue to germinate to produce toxins. During the process of handling with this dried snack food, there should be a food safety management system such as The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system. This system is used worldwide by all food businessesto identify and control microbiology activity as well as physical and chemical hazards that might be present during production. It consists of seven principles that govern and maintain food hygiene procedures (ASQ Food, 2014). Therefore, I would advise her to take note of the possible food safety hazards that have been mentioned and the procedures of manufacturing this dried snack food has to be in compliance to the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system. b) There are several information that I would like to know as to assist the businesswoman in preparing the dried snack food safely for consumers. The following are the information required: Where was the meat from? Normally, the cattle are raised till maturity in a farm where they are given formulated food. During cattle raising, the cattle are injected with antibiotics to prevent diseases. In order to slaughter the cattle legally, a withdrawal period is needed from the time the antibiotics is given. This is to give sufficient amount of time for the antibiotic residues to be released from the cattle. The United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) would conduct sample testing for antibiotic residues upon slaughtering. Results have shown that the percentages of residue violations are very low and there are no traceable antibiotic residues present in the tissues of the cattle (FSA, 2015). There are several factors that have to be taken into consideration such as the conditions of the farms that the cattle are living and the food that they consume. For example, improper drainage of faeces, design of feeders and drinkers can contribute to the accumulation of bacterial contamination in the farm which leads to the dirty cattle. The cattle are then infected with diseases such as pneumonia, coccidiosis and salmonellosis. Thus, it is important to have a healthy livestock of cattle to avoid all these problems. There are two factors that can contribute to the contamination of meat production chain such as direct and indirect contact of contamination. Direct contact can occur when bacteria that are present on the skin of the cattle such as excrement and mud which can contaminate the meat during the slaughtering process. Whereas, indirect contact could occur when the hands, tools and equipment that are used to slaughter the cattle contains bacteria which will then infect the meat (FSA, 2002). How was the uncooked meat handled? For proper handling of raw beef, place them in a sealed disposable plastic bag. You can either freeze it at -17.8 °C so as to keep it longer (about 6 to 12 months)or refrigerate at 4.4 °C but have to consume it within 3 to 5 days (Safety, 2015). The reason why the meat is to be kept at cold temperatures is because this is to inhibit bacterial growth. Time, temperature and conditions of marinating and cooking the meat? First, the raw steak is marinated with herbs and spices which will introduce additional microbial hazard such asspore forming bacteria to the meat. Thus, for safe marinating procedures, do not marinate at room temperature as most bacteria are able to grow quickly. Instead, marinate the meat in a cold environment so as to avoid entering the danger zone, which is between 4 °C and 60 °C. For beef steak, the approximate time taken to marinate would be 2 to 4 hours (Stradley, 2014). For safe cooking of steak, cook them at a minimum internal temperature of 62.8 °C for about 4 5 minutes per side and allow the meat to rest for at least 3 minutes before eating. This is done to kill off most of the bacteria that might be present on the meat. However, do not cook the steak partially as this does not destroy most of the bacteria and might multiply (USDA, 2015). Time and temperature of the drying process? I would suggest drying the marinated steak strips using an oven at 75 °C as there is a constant circulation of dry air and heat source. The temperature is important in drying this snack food because gentle heatingwill not be sufficient as this does not ensure that any bacteria that might still be present on the meat prior to cooking are killed (USDA, 2015). For example, bacteria such as Bacillus flavother musT  have a maximum temperature cardinal value of 72 °C and if the meat is cooked to the temperature of 60 °C, the bacteria will still be able to survive (Todar, 2008 2012). Thus, they will continue to multiply in numbers and colonize the meat. Storage of final dried meat product? How long is the meat product stored? Always ensure to store dried meat in a vacuum packaging as this will minimize oxygen levels which inhibit the growth of aerobic bacteria. It also helps to reduce the oxidation of the meat which will result in meat spoilage. These will extent the shelf life of the snack food (Anon., 2012). A sealed dried meat product can be stored to a period of 12 months. However, if the dried meat product is made from home, then it can only be kept for about 1 to 2 months (USDA, 2013). Is water activity taken into consideration? Water is a requirement for bacteria growth, thus, it must be removed so as to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. It can be reduced by the drying process and the addition of salt to preserve the meat. How the salt works is that it would absorb all the water on the meat by the process called osmosis (Martin R. Adams and Maurice O. Moss, 2008). Are there hygiene practices done in the preparation of the dried snack food? To prevent cross-contamination, good hygiene practices and procedures are required in regards to handling the snack food. Food handlers should always wash their hands thoroughly with surfactants such as soap before and after handling with meat products. Always clean and disinfect all utensils, equipment and work surfaces before the preparation of the meat product. And do not mix raw and cooked food. Instead, incorporate the use of separate working and storage areas of raw, cooked and dried meat products (FSA, 2015). c) I would suggest the use of aerobic plate count and immunomagnetic separation to test the presence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia.coli O157 In aerobic plate count, dilutions of the food sample are carried out and are then plated onto agar plates which contain suitable growth nutrients to favor the growth of microorganisms. The plates are then incubated at temperatures that bacteria can grow. After the incubation period, the total numbers of bacterial colonies arecounted; therefore, the total number of viable cells can be estimated (Hayes, 1995). Thelevels of Aerobic Colony Count (ACC) are used as a guidance to determine if the food product is safe for consumption (Agency, 2009). For example, if the Aerobic Colony Count (ACC) levels of bacteria have exceeded the expected level, the product cannot be consumed. For Salmonella spp., the infectious dose is normally 105 organisms, which is quite a big number. Whereas, as for Escherichia.coli O157, the infectious dose isless than 50 organisms (Inc., 2004). For Escherichia.coli O157 and Salmonella, Immunomagnetic separation is used as the â€Å"gold standard† to detect and isolate the bacteria as it is specific and sensitive. Then targeted organism is then isolated which will undergo serotyping for characterization (Inc, 2004). According to the guidelines for the microbiological safety of ready-to-eat foods, they are to be cooked and processed properly, especially with the addition of herbs and spices. It also includes bacteria that can possibly be from the source of poor hygiene. Lastly, tests on ready-to-eat foods are required so that food products which are not in compliance with the microbiological food safety criteria can be identified to protect public health (Agency, 2009). References Agency, H. P., 2009. Guidelines for Assessing the Microbiological Safety of Ready-to-Eat Foods Placed on the Market. [Online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/363146/Guidelines_for_assessing_the_microbiological_safety_of_ready-to-eat_foods_on_the_market.pdf Anon., 2012. Vacuum Packaging of Food Products. [Online] Available at: http://modifiedatmospherepackaging.com/modified-atmosphere-packaging-resources/vacuum-packaging Anon., 2015. E. coli. [Online] Available at: http://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/ecoli/ [Accessed 12 May 2015]. Anon., 2015. Food Safety. [Online] Available at: http://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/staphylococcus/ [Accessed 12 May 2015]. ASQ Food, D. a. C. D., 2014. The Certified HACCP Auditor Handbook. 3rd ed. Wisconsin: American Society for Quality. Bech, C., 2014. Salmonella and food poisoning. [Online] Available at: http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/salmonella.htm [Accessed 3 February 2014]. CDC, 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Online] Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/listeria/sources.html [Accessed 10 January 2013]. CDC, 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Online] Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/listeria/definition.html [Accessed 2 January 2013]. CDC, C. f. D. C. a. P., 2015. E.coli (Escherichia coli). [Online] Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/general/index.html [Accessed 16 April 2015]. England, P. H., 2014. Salmonella: guidance, data and analysis. [Online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/salmonella-guidance-data-and-analysis [Accessed 7 June 2014]. FSA, F. S. A., 2002. Red Meat Safety. [Online] Available at: http://www.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/multimedia/pdfs/publication/redmeatsafety.pdf [Accessed March 2004]. FSA, F. S. A., 2015. Cleaner cattle and sheep. [Online] Available at: http://www.food.gov.uk/business-industry/farmingfood/cleaner-animals/cleaner-cattle-sheep FSA, F. S. A., 2015. Food hygiene for businesses. [Online] Available at: http://www.food.gov.uk/business-industry/caterers/food-hygiene FSIS, 2015. United States Department of Agriculture. [Online] Available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/meat-preparation/beef-from-farm-to-table/ct_index [Accessed 24 March 2015]. FSIS, F. S. a. I. S., 2015. [Online] Available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/meat-preparation/beef-from-farm-to-table/ct_index [Accessed 24 March 2015]. FSIS, F. S. a. I. S., 2015. United States Department of Agriculture. [Online] Available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/meat-preparation/beef-from-farm-to-table/ct_index [Accessed 24 March 2015]. Hayes, P. R., 1995. Food Microbiology and Hygiene. In: 2nd ed. London: Chapman Hall, p. 189. Inc., T. A. S. f. M., 2004. Microbiology Australia. In: D. P. Bishop, ed. Qualitative vs quantitative microbiology. 3rd ed. Melbourne: Cambridge Publishing, p. 11. Inc, T. A. S. f. M., 2004. Microbiology Australia. In: D. P. Bishop, ed. Qualitative vs quantitative microbiology. 3rd ed. Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge Publishing, p. 20. Koo, I., 2014. Bloody Diarrhea, or Hemorrhagic Colitis, Caused by E. coli O157:H7. [Online] Available at: http://infectiousdiseases.about.com/od/diseasesbyname/a/E_coli_O157H7.htm [Accessed 30 April 2014]. Martin R. Adams and Maurice O. Moss, 2008. Food Microbiology. 3rd ed. Guildford: The Royal Society of Chemistry. Safety, F., 2015. Storage Times for the Refrigerator and Freezer. [Online] Available at: http://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/charts/storagetimes.html [Accessed 12 May 2015]. Stradley, L., 2014. Marinating Meat Guidelines Marinating 101. [Online] Available at: http://whatscookingamerica.net/MarinatingSafely.htm Todar, K., 2008 2012. Nutrition and Growth of Bacteria. [Online] Available at: http://textbookofbacteriology.net/nutgro_5.html USDA, U. S. D. o. A., 2013. Jerky and Food Safety. [Online] Available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/meat-preparation/jerky-and-food-safety/ct_index [Accessed 6 August 2013]. USDA, U. S. D. o. A., 2015. Beef from Farm to Table. [Online] Available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/meat-preparation/beef-from-farm-to-table/ct_index USDA, U. S. D. o. A., 2015. Jerky and Food Safety. [Online] Available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/meat-preparation/jerky-and-food-safety/ct_index USFDA, U. F. a. D. A., 2014. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [Online] Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/CausesOfIllnessBadBugBook/ucm070015.htm [Accessed 16 December 2014]. Ward, E. M., 2010. Spices Herbs Health Benefits and Adding Spices To Foods. [Online] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/spices-and-herbs-health-benefits [Accessed 5 August 2010].

Kants categorical Imperitave applied Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kant describes the categorical imperative as â€Å"expressed by an ought and thereby indicate the relation of an objective law of reason to a will that is not necessarily determined by this law because of its subjective constitution.† In other words, a categorical impetrative is a command of morality that applies everywhere at all times no matter what, without exception. Kant describes two forms of imperatives, hypothetical and categorical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kant defines the hypothetical imperative as â€Å"an action is good for some purpose, either possible or actual.† The hypothetical imperative that Kant describes is a situation that prescribes an action as a means to get a particular end. In this imperative, inclination is allowed to play a role in your motives. It states action is good for some purpose, either possible or actual. Rational human beings may use appropriate means and ends that are based needs or wants. It is these actions that Kant considers to be hypothetical imperatives. Next, when Kant defines the categorical imperative he states that, â€Å"the action is represented as good in itself, and hence as necessary in a will which of itself conforms to reason as the principle of the will.† He is generally saying that a categorical imperative is an ends that is a means only to itself and not to some other need, desire, or purpose. The categorical imperative may be based on an â€Å"end in itself.† Duties can be classified under categorica... Kants categorical Imperitave applied Essay -- essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kant describes the categorical imperative as â€Å"expressed by an ought and thereby indicate the relation of an objective law of reason to a will that is not necessarily determined by this law because of its subjective constitution.† In other words, a categorical impetrative is a command of morality that applies everywhere at all times no matter what, without exception. Kant describes two forms of imperatives, hypothetical and categorical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kant defines the hypothetical imperative as â€Å"an action is good for some purpose, either possible or actual.† The hypothetical imperative that Kant describes is a situation that prescribes an action as a means to get a particular end. In this imperative, inclination is allowed to play a role in your motives. It states action is good for some purpose, either possible or actual. Rational human beings may use appropriate means and ends that are based needs or wants. It is these actions that Kant considers to be hypothetical imperatives. Next, when Kant defines the categorical imperative he states that, â€Å"the action is represented as good in itself, and hence as necessary in a will which of itself conforms to reason as the principle of the will.† He is generally saying that a categorical imperative is an ends that is a means only to itself and not to some other need, desire, or purpose. The categorical imperative may be based on an â€Å"end in itself.† Duties can be classified under categorica...

Comparing Media on Trangendered People and Social Issues

In this, the 21st century, control over the masses seems to becoming more apparent from a hierarchy containing a handful of self-selected highly ranked, influential individuals. Controlling the views and beliefs of whole nations of people, by controlling what information they receive and how this information is delivered. Some of these people are highly respected, trusted and in positions of authority.Their words have the power to not only give hope to, but also scare and shape the beliefs of their followers who, unquestionably trust in their intentions. A prime example of this powerful influence on society is in the so-called democratic country of Australia, where one man, Rupert Murdoch, owns two thirds of the nation’s biggest newspapers. 75% of the remaining is owned by one other man, John Fairfax (Donavan, 2011).So then, the well-known saying ‘Don’t believe everything you read or hear’ is a good reminder to anyone subjected to receiving the news anywher e in Australia, to keep an open mind, be sceptical and seek out any other facts through further research before making up their minds on a reported situation. Just because something is broadcast through the media, or is said by an important person, it does not automatically make it fact or cover the whole truth.Very rarely are both sides of a story ever expressed unbiasedly, bringing forth all facts and information and then leaving it up to the individual to make a decision. Consequently, this paper will compare different media outlets. One stemming from great power and position, and the other from a small local community organisation, showing the different strategies and contexts in which they report, how and who they influence and what factual information they use to back up their statements on the topic of transgendered people.Before examining these differences, it is important to mention that the term ‘transgender’ can be defined several ways academically, so for th e sake of this paper ‘transgender’ will be used as the umbrella term covering people whose biological sex does not completely, in part or at all coincide with their gender identity. Furthermore, it must be mentioned that gender identity is different from homosexuality, which is sexual orientation. Transgendered people, like everybody else can be straight, bi, gay or somewhere in-between (Dra.Torres, 2001). For a group of people that have existed as some predict, since mankind’s genetic make-up started to differ from ’perfect’ (Reitz, 2009), equality in society has never seemed to exist for long, if at all. There are historical accounts throughout Ancient Greece, Rome and across the Mediterranean to the Middle East of transgendered people worshipping their transgendered goddesses and not only being socially accepted but thought to possess powers of protection and good fortune.That was until Christian and Islamic influences spread and not only were th eir religious beliefs defamed and eradicated, transgendered people were as well (Dra. Torres, 2001). 2000 years on it seems not much has changed in the eyes of the Catholic Church. On the 22rd of December 2008, Pope Benedict XVI gave his annual end of year Christmas speech to a room filled with archbishops and priests. Broadcasted from inside the Vatican, through their personally owned television station, website, and printed in newspapers across the globe.He summarised the year that was, describing in lengthy detail the occurrence of World Youth Week in Australia, sending messages of peace to war-torn countries and comparing gay and transgendered people to a rainforest. At a time of year that is supposed to be about spreading peace and joy and bringing people together, Pope Benedict XVI started off with these blessings saying â€Å"†¦The grace of God has appeared for all. He then mention World Youth Week in all its glory following by saying and the earth is a gift we must all protect and not abuse the earth’s resources for personal gain. He states it is the Church’s responsibility to firmly publicly protect the earth and the self-destructive man from himself. He describes human being disposition of being man and woman and this ‘self-destructive man’ is anyone that does not ‘respect the order of creation’ by treating it as out of date philosophy of metaphysics. His reasoning that transgendered people exists follows. What is often expressed and understood by the term â€Å"gender† ultimately ends up being man’s attempt at self-emancipation from creation and the Creator. Man wants to be his own master, and alone – always and exclusively – to determine everything that concerns him. Yet in this way he lives in opposition to the truth, in opposition to the Creator Spirit. Rain forests deserve indeed to be protected, but no less so does man, as a creature having an innate â€Å"message† which does not contradict our freedom, but is instead its very premise.The great scholastic theologians described marriage, understood as the life-long bond between a man and a woman, as a sacrament of creation, which the Creator himself instituted– without modifying the â€Å"message† of creation†¦ From this perspective, we should†¦ defend love against sex as a consumer good, the future against the exclusive claims of the present, and human nature against its manipulation. †(Pope Benedict XVI, 22nd Dec 2008) Christmas day, three days later his speech hypocritically had the following comments. Wherever the dignity and rights of the human person are trampled upon; †¦ wherever fratricidal hatred and the exploitation of man by man risk being taken for granted; wherever internecine conflicts divide ethnic and social groups and disrupt peaceful coexistence;†¦ wherever the basics needed for survival are lacking; wherever an increasingly uncertain f uture is regarded with apprehension, even in affluent nations: in each of these places may the Light of Christmas shine forth and encourage all people to do their part in a spirit of authentic solidarity. (Pope Benedict XVI, 25th Dec, 2008) This is a man in charge of the wealthiest city, representing ‘The Creator’, in the largest populated religion globally, consisting of just below550 million people. His statements were not only badly timed, but uneducated, unethical to say the least and unacceptable to come from a man with such powerful status and influence. He has labelled transgendered people as non-believing mavericks, who chose to change their sex to rebel and free themselves. From what exactly, is incomprehensible the way he puts it, just that they want to emancipate themselves.Not by getting a crazy haircut or wearing outrageous clothing. Not by not socially conforming and not following trends and not even by becoming Atheist. But by subjecting themselves to mul tiple, painful operations, enduring a hormonal rollercoaster, being socially unaccepted, ridiculed, disowned and being a target for violence. As he sees it, depending on where these self-freeing masters-of-their-own-destiny are from they are ‘choosing’ to throw away almost every basic human right, to instead live a life most likely filled with prostitution and drugs! That’s emancipation? Benedict XVI, 2008) This total misconception has no factual basis, and is obvious from the only reference being ancient theologians’ description on marriage, which resulted in not only offending the gender diverse, but homosexual people as well, who, through further research found he used the same ‘emancipation reason’ on two years earlier (Benedict XVI, 2006). He is basically saying that gay people are a threat to creation because if everyone ‘chose’ to be gay creation would cease to exist. Ironically enough the same could be said about the celib ate priesthood.This was an unnecessary personal attack, abusing his position and the media tools he has at his disposal to turn what should have been an inspirational and motivating speech to other power religious leaders into an excuse to breed a prejudice point of view that reached and is still reaching millions. On the very opposite, more positive end of the scale there thankfully exists an organisation called ‘the Gender Centre’ residing in Sydney, Australia. They are funded by Human Services and Community Services and provide a range of facilities not only for transgendered people, but to their loved ones and also organisations.Their pledge states â€Å"†¦The Gender Centre is†¦ committed to educating the public and service providers about the needs of people with gender issues. † (Polare, Jul-Sep, 2011) Their services include support and education, social and support groups, drug and alcohol counselling, HIV/AIDS information, condoms and lube distr ibution, needle exchange, accommodation, referrals to specialists, outreach programs, counselling and support groups for families of transgendered and the production of a quarter-yearly magazine called ‘Polare’. Polare, Jan-Mar, 2011) Polare is a free magazine and every edition is packed full of helpful information, personal entries and latest news stories all relating to gender issues and the local society. It reports the facts and allows people to send in unsolicited contributions and also has forums on their website for gender issue discussion and debate allowing for all opinions to be heard and responded to.Every page turned exposes more helpful companies and services, for example the Jan-March issue’s page 12 has an ad for a hair removal company, an ad encouraging under 25 year old transgendered to write into the magazine sharing their stories. Opposite on page 13, an article on how a male to female transgender named Lana, fought to be accepted into a profes sional women’s golf tournament in the US, which she won not only the right to play but the tournament itself.The story continues on with other transgendered sports players and the difficulties they have faced including Lana’s legal battle to be accepted in the US, Britain and European professional golfing tours. Her fight forced the review of the National Collegiate Athletic Association polices making it easier for other transgendered people to compete in sports and fit in in society, whilst also raising awareness (Cummings, 2011). In issue 88 July-Sep 2011, pages 8-12 covers in depth information on the Gender Centre and what they do.Unlike the Pope’s speech, they address transgendered people by name and highlight the social issues they face such as homelessness, social isolation, unemployment and family rejection and provides services to help each of these and more (Moore, 2011). Ironic to what he represents, there was no mention of any solution or help from Po pe Benectict XVI. Further in issue 88 are stories of new drug treatments for Hepatitis C and legal battles transgendered are fighting to have the right to be classified as they see themselves not on what their genitalia represents.At the very back of every edition, they have a ‘Directory Assistance’ section six pages long containing services and organisations. These contacts are aimed to help not only the transgendered but the homosexual community too. It covers all states over Australia and includes a few international contacts (Gender Centre, 2011). Online, the Gender Centre provides a 41 page fact sheet covering a wide variety of interrelated topics. From information on their training sessions they can provide for employers and organisations, to information on intersex and ambiguous genitalia.It also provides 10 pages of information on all the rights transgendered people have and highlights different circumstances. It also includes useful contact details of legal and other organisations that might be needed especially in an emergency. (Gender Centre, 2008) It is relieving to see such organisations exist, for such a special group of people living in a society so overpowered by greedy, power-hungry individuals. These people go through so much emotional trauma and psychological stress just trying to understand themselves and who they really are.To then go out into such a critical society and be able to hold their heads high with pride deserves recognition at the strength and resilience the human spirit is capable of. In conclusion, it would only be foolish to wait for a day and age where everyone is considered as worthy as the next, because as the time passes, the rich and powerful only seem to be getting richer and in more powerful positions, controlling more and more what the masses are lead to believe.The worst thing about this, especially when it comes to the leader of a religious group, is the loss of the basic human morals and consideration for other people in general, losing sight of what and who they are representing and influencing. Instead of helping out fellow human beings because they care and want to help, unfair and hypocritical judgements are passed. It just goes to show that even the Catholic Church makes huge mistakes, but as long as our community organisation groups exists, hope can still spread among the people.

Imaginative writing (George)/writing to describe (Harley Davidson) Essay

(1) Imaginative Piece of Writing Characters from Of Mice and Men – John Steinbeck George now has a wife, Rose and 2 kids. He wakes up every night remembering that he murdered Lennie. Darn flies, *splat* mmph better get up *yawn* and go get a glass of water otherwise I’ll never get to sleep again. *Walks downstairs* Stupid creaking stairs ooo the lino’s cold. Glass Glass Glass, right Water, mmm that was nice. Feels cold in here†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.where the heck’s that draft comin’ from†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦*huff* windows open, I told Rose to close that. *Looks out window* Crops lookin’ good, I’ll get ol’ big red out the barn tomorrow and start cuttin’ it down. *Thinks about Lennie* Lennie would have like this place†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..he could have helped me with the crops†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pushed the kids on the swing in the old apple tree†¦..and al’ the animals would have kept him happy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦he would have loved the rabbits that run free al’ over the farm. If only I hadn’t sho, no, what I did was right, it was for the best. Yeah that’s it I did him a favour, yeah, yeah. I keep telling myself I did the right thing but I still feel so damn guilty†¦..i just wish we’d never gone to that ranch and never met her†¦it was all her fault†¦.it was all because of her. But Lennie’s safe now†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.he’s safe from people like her †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. I bet Lennie’s up in heaven chasing the rabbits with his pup *laugh* Lennie, I’ll never forget you†¦..you’ll always be in my heart. * Rose calls down from upstairs* George, you there? *Calls back* I’ll be up in a minute Rose. Right, come on then, better get back to bed n get some sleep. *Walks upstairs* Sssh stop creaking, don’t wana disturb the kids. *Talks quietly to Rose* Rose, I couldn’t sleep so I went and got a glass of water. *Whispers† Were you thinking of Lennie? Yeah George, you could have a garden with rabbits and other things that Lennie liked, then when you can’t sleep, you could go there and think about him. *Thinks about Lennie’s garden and replies happily* Yeah, that’s a great idea, I’ll get the kids to help me make Lennie’s garden tomorrow. What would I do without you Rose. *Switches off light* Night Darlin’ Night George *Rose Kisses George on check* (2) Writing to describe (Harley Davidson Motorbikes) Harley Davidson are a company that make motorbikes. The company was formed in 1903 in Milwaukee, by William Harley and Arthur Davidson. To begin with Harley Davidson produced push-bikes but in 1903 they made their first motorbike, the racer. Harley Davidson bikes are well known for being strong and reliable and because of this, they are commonly used by both the American police and the fire department. When people think of Harley Davidson they think of gangs of men with leathers, long beards and hair riding chopper bikes, with long forks and handlebars. Who travel from town to town terrorising the townsfolk and who live on the open road. People dream of having the same freedom as the gangs and wish they could be like them. The dream that comes with owning a Harley Davidson is of travelling through the great wilderness of the mid west and along Route 66. To fly like the eagle along the road and let nothing hold you back from your journey. Although Harley Davidson was first created in America people all over the world have joined the Harley Davidson family by owning one of their machines. When you buy a Harley Davidson you not only get a piece of the American dream you also gain entry to the exclusive Harley Owners Group, HOG, where you can make friends with other proud owners. All other Britain different Chapters of owners get together and ride to seaside towns in the Southwest. At these rallies bikers get together to admire each others bikes. Many have specialist artwork, such as Wolfs and Eagles, on their bikes and clothing Harley Davidson also make merchandise that feature their many designs. Merchandise such as: Jackets, T-shirts, Hats and Wallets. Harley Davidson have various logos. Many of them have the American Eagle, which is a symbol of power and freedom. Most of the logos feature strong bold designs in black and orange. Harley Davidson give people excitement and danger which contrasts with their normal boring everyday life. My advice to you is to go and buy a Harley Davidson fuel your imagination. Go on, make it happen, there’s no time like the present.

What Is AP Seminar Should You Take It

What Is AP Seminar Should You Take It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If your school offers AP Seminar, you might be wondering what it's all about. This AP class is great for students who want to challenge themselves and learn more about the independent research process before starting college. In this guide, I'll give you an overview of what AP Seminar entails, a sample course outline, advice on whether you should take the course, and some tips on how to do well in it. What Is AP Seminar? AP Seminar is one of the course requirements for the AP Capstone Diploma and the AP Research and Seminar Certificate, both of which were introduced by the College Board in fall 2014. If you take and pass AP Seminar, AP Research, and four other AP courses and exams, you will earn the AP Capstone Diploma. If you take and pass just AP Seminar and AP Research, you'll earn an AP Research and Seminar Certificate.Both of these actions are impressive accomplishments that demonstrate your ability to successfully manage college-level academic challenges. AP Seminar offers studentsan introduction to conducting independent analysis of complex ideas across various disciplines.It involves reading and understanding advanced source material in the form of texts and other media. You are expected to synthesize information from different sources, and formulate research questions based on these source materials. You'll elaborate on these ideasthrough essays, oral presentations, and team projects.The goal of AP Seminar is to provide students with the tools to evaluate information accurately and make compelling, evidence-based arguments. Your seminar curriculum might be connected to another AP course you take,meaning you'd explore themes that relate to that course when constructing research projects for AP Seminar. For example, your school might offer aclass titled "AP Seminar: American Studies" that is for students who are concurrently enrolled in AP US History. AP Seminar can also function as a stand-alone class. For example, it could be called something like "AP Seminar: Networks" and offer a focus on the impacts of societal networks from various perspectives. AP Seminar: Social Networks. You must write your research paper in the form of a series of tweets. Wait, that actually sounds kinda fun. What Will You Do in AP Seminar? The AP Seminar curriculum is framed around what the College Board callsfive "Big Ideas."These ideas are all pretty buzzword-y (their first letters spell Q.U.E.S.T.- need I say more?), but they cover the main educational goals of the class. Below are the five Big Ideas of AP Seminar and what they mean: Big Idea 1: Question and Explore This idea is about encouraging students to embrace intellectual curiosity and develop their own points of view.Learning to consider issues from different perspectives is also an important part of this. You'll be introduced to the complexity of societal problems and learn how to view them in a larger context. This is where you start to build a strong foundation for the process of coming up with meaningful research questions. Big Idea 2: Understand and Analyze This Big Idea is about learning to read critically and reach the heart of an author’s argument. You'llpractice avoiding oversimplification and generalization when describing the points made by others. You'll alsolearn how successful arguments are formulated as well asthe importance of counterarguments, context, and the ability of an argument to influence behavior. Big Idea 3: Evaluate Multiple Perspectives With this idea, you'll learn that a person’s perspective is heavily informed by his or her background and worldview. You'llalso consider your own biases and how these might impact your reading and interpretation of an argument. Big Idea 4: Synthesize Ideas This is about creating an effective argument from your ideas.You'lllearn how to formulate a clear line of reasoning and how to avoid overgeneralizations. In addition, you'llbe taught how to collect evidence while steering clear of plagiarism. Big Idea 5: Team, Transform, and Transmit This one is about teaching students how to do their best work in a team environment (as you might've guessed from its cringeworthy name). The main focuses here are self-reflection, revision, and developing both good communication and effective presentation skills. Class discussions also play a large role in AP Seminar in the form of debates, group discussions, and reflection on open-ended questions associated with the course material. How These Big Ideas Are Put Into Practice These five Big Ideas manifest in AP Seminar in a series of tasks and lessons, whichinvolve the following: Exploring one or more different themes by making connections across subjects and looking at them from various perspectives Learning to fully appreciate and understand issues by viewing them in different contexts and across different types of sources (writing, performances, broadcasts, etc.) Learning to avoid plagiarism (very important for college!) while using the ideas of others for support in your own work Working collaboratively on a team project to evaluate a real-world issue and present the findings in a written report and presentation Working independently to come up with a research question and to formulate an argument that culminates in a written report and presentation AP Seminar will teach you many core skills that are important for college-level research,and it'll give you the tools you need for the AP Research course (which most students take the following year). In the next section, I'll give you an example of how a real AP Seminar course might be structured. Team, Transform, and Transmit: stage one of a bizarre cult initiation, Big Idea, or both? AP Seminar Sample Course Outline AP Seminar is a class that often weaves through many different subject areas. Since the goal is to gain a better grasp of the complexity of opinions on societal issues and to use your newfound understanding to do more effective, self-driven research, it covers a lot of ground. In this example (which I'm basing off a real syllabus I found online), the AP Seminar course was divided into three units for the first semester: Unit 1: Questioning Modernity This unit's focus is on introducing the main concepts behind AP Seminar. This includes learning about the process of inquiry, understanding complex arguments, and becoming familiar with rules for avoiding plagiarism.This particular unit is graded based on participation, a 250-word reflection paper, and a group presentation. In keeping with the theme of contemporary culture, source materials include the famous T. S. Eliot poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," a book by Steven BesttitledThe Post-Modern Turn, and an article fromForbestitled "Is Facebook Making Us Anti-Social?" Unit 2: Perception- Arguing Money This unit is a continuation of the learning experience in the first one but with a focus on advanced topics related to wealth and poverty. This unit also emphasizes viewing issues from different perspectives. It is assessed based on participation, a 400-word reflection paper, and another group presentation. Source materials for the unit include Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations,The Communist Manifesto,and Andrew Carnegie's essay "The Gospel of Wealth." Unit 3: Mastering Education This final unit in AP Seminarbrings together concepts learned in the previous units to discuss topics in education. It is graded based on participation, a 500-word argumentative paper, a 500-word reflection paper, and another group presentation. Source materials for this unit include the film Waiting for "Superman" and several scholarly articles on The Common Core. "Oh, is that what I'm supposed to be doing?" Education is complex. In the second semester of the class, students will use the skills they learned in the first three units to take on larger challenges in the form of two research projects and the final exam. Each of these assignments makes up a portion of the final AP score. Team Project and Presentation (25% of AP Score) The first assignment is a team project and presentation, worth 25% of the final AP score. Students collaborate in teams of three to six to identify a problem or question they want to research. Each student does research individually and presents his or her findings to the group. The group then works together to compile a written report and an approximately 10-minute class presentation, followed by a defense of their argument based on questions posed by the teacher. Each student will also write a reflection on the project as a whole, detailing their collaborative process and approach to both research and problem-solving. The entire project takes place over the course of about two months. Individual Research-Based Essay and Presentation (35% of AP Score) The second assignment, worth 35% of the AP score, is an individual project. For this part of the course, the College Board releasessource materials on a certain topic or theme that students are expected to use in their research.The final paper must use at least one of these sources. Students are expected to produce a 2,000-word written argument, a six- to eight-minute oral presentation, and a defense of their argument based on two questions posed by the teacher. Students will have around two months to complete this project. Final Exam (40% of AP Score) The final exam for AP Seminar consists of three short-answer and two essay questions. The short-answer questions ask students to analyze an argument from a single source. For one essay question, students must compare arguments from different authors, whereas for the other, they must formulate their own evidence-based argument. Seven sources are given to students for use on the final exam questions. If a featureless white blob creature can do research, so can you. You can see from this outline that AP Seminar stretches across a variety of topics, and there's quite a bit of freedom to choose what you want to research in the second half. Overall,AP Seminar is focused on teaching you how to think critically,which is a big departure from many high school courses that just serve to convey specific information. AP Seminar is clearly a more abstract course- but also potentially a more valuable one. Should You Take AP Seminar? If you hope to earn an AP Research and Seminar Certificate or an AP Capstone Diploma, you need to take AP Seminar.The AP Capstone program culminates in a 5,000-word research paper that is completed in the AP Research class- an impressive accomplishment for a high school student! Even if you don't go on to earn the AP Capstone Diploma, you will learn highly valuablecritical- thinking and research skills in AP Seminar.Students who take itmight place out of introductory college courses or earncollege credits. AP Seminar can also help you avoid academic shock when you get to college.Many high school students have never done in-depth research and therefore don’t know how to begin when they’re tasked with their first big project in college.If you take this AP class, you'll be ahead of the curve in understanding proper research methods and in learning to avoid both unreliable information and plagiarism. Lastly, AP Seminar can be a fun experience because it gives you the opportunity to debate important issues with your classmates and work on a project that interests you.There is a level of independence in the seminar-style classthat is absent in most other high school classes, which might appeal to students who prefer to explore ideas on their own terms. If you're an independent, driven student who ishoping to attend a competitive college, AP Seminar might be a great course for you. AP Seminar will allow you to start forging your own academic path before you even get to college. How to Do Well in AP Seminar: 3 Essential Tips What you'll need to do to succeed in AP Seminardepends partly on the format and subject area of the class since ithas a lot of flexibility in its structure, teaching methods, and topics.Here are some general tips for success: #1: Be Open-Minded AP Seminar mainly deals with analyzing differing perspectives, so try toapproacheach reading with a willingness to listen and think critically about the author’s opinion, even if it doesn’t align with your own.This will enable you to adopt a wider view of issues and appreciate their complexity.These skills are critical if you hope to be successful in your research projects. #2: Participate in Class Class discussions are very important in AP Seminar.Even if you’re not usually big on participation, you should make an effort to contribute to every discussion. Being able to actively engage with your peerswill enhance your understanding of the material and allow you to carry out productive conversations with others in your class who might see things differently. #3: Keep Up With Assignments This is important in any class, but it's especially critical in AP Seminar.Since you’ll be reading and absorbing a lot of material, it’s important not to fall behind the rest of the class.Participation relies on a thoughtful reading of the course material, and it’s hard to do that if you’re trying to play catch up with assignments that were due earlier. Because you’ll be doing research projects both independently and with a team, always stay on top of deadlines to avoid getting overwhelmed or letting down your teammates! Learning how to communicate ideas effectively is a major part of AP Seminar. Conclusion: The Benefits of Taking AP Seminar Critical thinking and the ability to logically evaluate arguments are key skills that'll help you in all aspects of your life. AP Seminar can be a very practical course if you're up for the challenge. You'll have three major assessments: A team research project An independent research project A final exam Throughout the course, you'll be asked to read a variety of source materials and participate in class discussions. You'll learn about proper research methods, argumentative techniques, and the importance of looking at issues from all sides. Students who take AP Seminar can then go on to take AP Research, which offers students even more independence in choosing research topics. AP Seminar is essentially an opportunity for advanced students to get some experience with the types of assignments and expectations that are common in college classes. Take this class and you'll be way ahead in the game! What's Next? Still planning out your schedule? Use this guide to help you decide which AP classes to take. If AP courses seem kind of intimidating, check out this article to learn just how hard they really are- and to decide whether you are up for the challenge. To learn more about creating a class schedule that'll give you the best chance of attending a top college, read this article on what a rigorous course schedule looks like. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Usage Essays - Cannabis In The United States

Marijuana History / Usage Essays - Cannabis In The United States Marijuana History / Usage Ben Holicky Marijuana is a drug that has been used for thousands of years. Marijuana was used in ancient China, as far back as 5000 B.C. The Incans and Mayans used marijuana in religious ceremonies. Marijuana also has roots in this country. The Indians of the plains used marijuana in their peace pipes as a sign of friendship and peace. After prohibition there was a sharp rise in the use of this drug in America, but after prohibition was repealed the use went down. In the 1920s and 30s the use of marijuana was primarily by the minorities. In the 1930s it was common belief that minorities where inhumane and violent, and people believed that marijuana was part of the cause. Then in 1937 marijuana was declared illegal. This was done with no research. It was just assumed that marijuana caused psychological dependence, provoked violent crimes, and led to insanity. People were told that marijuana would make people want to take a gun, knife, or weapon and kill someone. Prohibition on marijuana was estab lished due to a misunderstanding. Prohibition has not achieved its goal, and goes against an American philosophical approach. I believe it is time to look at the facts and benefits, and to reconsider marijuana prohibition. Marijuana has a positive effect on patients with certain diseases. AIDS victims are sometimes prescribed marijuana to help increase their appetite. Victims of AIDS do not want to eat and thus they do not get the nutrients they need. Marijuana helps them to eat, and thus enabling them to get the nutrients they need. Marijuana also helps to increase the appetite in cancer patients. People who get glaucomas also use marijuana. It helps to ease the pain for many glaucoma patients. Marijuana is very helpful to these people. This is just one example of why marijuana prohibition should be reconsidered. When comparing tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana, there is evidence that marijuana has the least addictive power. During the Nixon administration, the government concluded that marijuana did not posses any physically addictive traits. The University of California did a study on the power of heroin, cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, and marijuana in terms of power to induce psychological dependence. Nicotine was first, marijuana last. Marijuana was deemed least likely to produce signs of withdrawal upon quitting, and last in terms of producing a physical tolerance to the drug. Marijuana is less addictive than two legal drugs in this country. This does not make sense, and so prohibition should be reconsidered. The United States government spends too much money each year on prohibition of marijuana. The DEA spends 1.3 billion fighting marijuana, and that does not include the cost of prison management and construction. Overall, the government has spent 30 billion of the taxpayers money. Of felons convicted of crimes related to marijuana possession, production and trafficking through 1980-1992, 58% had no prior arrest history, 91% were not identified as organizers, leaders, managers or supervisors of drug-oriented organizations, and 92% did not own or posses a gun. In other words, the government is spending millions of dollars putting non-violent otherwise law-abiding citizens in jail and making the taxpayers pay the bill. The amount of money spent on war on marijuana is unreasonable. This is not worth it, and is another reason why prohibition of marijuana should be reconsidered. The original motivation for marijuana prohibition was based on a lack of knowledge, and should be reconsidered. Even after research showing the drug to be much better than originally thought, people will not change their view on the matter. And so billions of dollars will continually be spent on persecution and enforcement, while is does not change anything. The patterns do not change and the use does not decline, and the government will not change their view on the subject. The prohibition on marijuana is costly, does not work, and should be reconsidered. It is time that we see and end to the prohibition of marijuana. Bibliography Science Book

Biography of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand

Biography of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand Bhumibol Adulyadej (December 5, 1927–October 13,  2016) was the king of  Thailand  for 70 years. At the time of his death, Adulyadej was worlds longest-serving head of state and the  longest-reigning  monarch in  Thai history. Adulyadej  was known for being a calming presence at the center of Thailands recent stormy political history. Fast Facts: Known For:  King of Thailand (1950–2016), the longest-reigning monarch in the worldAlso Known As:  the Great (Thai:  Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸Å ,  Maharaja), Rama IX, Phumiphon AdunlayadetBorn: December 5, 1927  in Cambridge, MassachusettsParents: Prince Mahidol (1892–1929) and Srinagarindra (nà ©e Sangwan Talapat)Died:  October 16, 2016 in Bangkok, ThailandEducation: University of LausanneAwards and Honors:  Human Development Lifetime Achievement AwardSpouse: Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kiriyakara (m. 1950)Children: Maha Vajiralongkorn (king of Thailand 2016–present), Sirindhorn, Chulabhorn, Ubol Ratana Early Life Bhumibol Adulyadej (known as Phumiphon Adunlayadet or King Rama IX) was born on December 5, 1927, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, into the royal family of Thailand. As the second son born to his parents, and because his birth took place outside of Thailand, Bhumibol Adulyadej was never expected to rule Thailand. His reign came about only after his older brothers violent death. Bhumibol, whose full name means strength of the land, incomparable power, was in the United States because his father, Prince Mahidol  Adulyadej, was studying for a public health certificate at Harvard University. His mother, Princess Srinagarindra (nà ©e Sangwan Talapat), was studying nursing at  Simmons College  in Boston. When Bhumibol was 1, his family returned to Thailand, where his father took up an internship in a hospital in Chiang Mai. Prince Mahidol was in poor health, though, and died of kidney and liver failure in September 1929. Revolution and an Education In 1932, a coalition of military officers and civil servants staged a coup against King Rama VII. The Revolution of 1932 ended the Chakri dynastys absolute rule and created a constitutional monarchy. Concerned for their safety, Princess Srinagarindra took her two young sons and young daughter to Switzerland the following year. The children were placed in Swiss schools. In March 1935, King Rama VII abdicated in favor of his 9-year-old nephew, Bhumibol Adulyadejs older brother Ananda Mahidol. The child-king and his siblings remained in Switzerland, however, and two regents ruled the kingdom in his name. Ananda Mahidol returned to Thailand in 1938, but Bhumibol  Adulyadej remained in Europe. The younger brother continued his studies in Switzerland until 1945,  when he left the University of Lausanne at the end of World War II. Succession On June 9, 1946, young King Mahidol died in his palace bedroom from a single gunshot wound to the head. It was never conclusively proved whether his death was murder, accident, or suicide. Nevertheless, two royal pages and the kings personal secretary were convicted and executed for the crime of assassination. Adulyadejs uncle was appointed his prince regent, and Adulyadej returned to the University of Lausanne to finish his degree. In deference to his new role, he changed his major from science to political science and law. An Accident and a Marriage Just as his father had done in Massachusetts, Adulyadej met his wife-to-be while studying overseas. He often went to Paris, where he met the daughter of Thailands ambassador to France, a student named Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kiriyakara. Adulyadej and Sirikit began a courtship, visiting Paris romantic tourist sights. In October 1948, Adulyadej rear-ended a truck and was seriously injured. He lost his right eye and suffered a painful back injury. Sirikit spent a lot of time nursing and entertaining the injured king; the kings mother urged the young woman to transfer to a school in Lausanne so that she could continue her studies while getting to know Adulyadej better. On April 28, 1950, Adulyadej and Sirikit were married in Bangkok. She was 17 years old; he was 22. The king was officially crowned one week later, becoming Thailands monarch and officially known thereafter as King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Military Coups and Dictatorships The newly crowned king had very little actual power. Thailand was ruled by military dictator Plaek Pibulsonggram until 1957  when the first of a long series of coups removed him from office. Adulyadej  declared martial law during the crisis, which ended with a new dictatorship forming under the kings close ally, Sarit Dhanarajata. Over the next six years, Adulyadej would revive many abandoned Chakri traditions. He also made many public appearances around Thailand, significantly reviving the prestige of the throne. Dhanarajata died in 1963 and was succeeded by Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn. Ten years later, Thanom sent out the troops against huge public protests, killing hundreds of protestors. Adulyadej opened Chitralada Palaces gates to offer refuge to the demonstrators as they fled the soldiers. The king then removed Thanom from power and appointed the first of a series of civilian leaders. In 1976, however, Kittikachorn returned from overseas exile, sparking another round of demonstrations that ended in what came to be known as The October 6 Massacre, in which 46 students were killed and 167 injured at Thammasat University. In the aftermath of the massacre, Admiral Sangad Chaloryu staged yet another coup and took power. Further coups took place in 1977, 1980, 1981, 1985, and 1991. Although Adulyadej  tried to stay above the fray, he refused to support the 1981 and 1985 coups. His prestige, however, was damaged by the constant unrest. Transition to Democracy When a military coup leader was selected as prime minister in May 1992, huge protests broke out in Thailands cities. The demonstrations known as Black May turned into riots, and the police and military were rumored to be dividing into factions. Fearing a civil war, Adulyadej called the coup and opposition leaders to an audience at the palace. Adulyadej was able to pressure the coup leader into resigning. New elections were called and a civilian government was elected. The kings intervention was the beginning of an era of civilian-led democracy that has continued with just one interruption to this day. Bhumibols image as an advocate for the people, reluctantly intervening in the political fray to protect his subjects, was cemented by this success. Death In 2006, Bhumibol suffered from lumbar spinal stenosis. His health began to decline and he was hospitalized frequently. He died at the Siriraj hospital in Bangkok on October 16, 2016. Crown prince Vajiralongkorn  ascended to the throne, and his official coronation was held on May 4, 2019. Legacy In June of 2006, King Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit celebrated the 60th Anniversary of their rule, also known as the Diamond Jubilee. United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan presented the king with the UN’s first Human Development Lifetime Achievement Award to Bhumibol at a ceremony in Bangkok as part of the festivities. Although he was never intended for the throne, Adulyadej  is remembered as a successful and beloved king of Thailand, who helped calm turbulent political waters over the decades of his long reign. Sources Beech, Hanna. King of Thailand to Be Formally Crowned in an Ornate Spectacle. The New York Times, May 3, 2019.Editorial Board. The King Who Personified Thailand. The New York Times, October 14, 2016.  Grossman, Nicholas,  Dominic Faulder, Chris Baker et al. King Bhumibol Adulyadej: A Lifes Work: Thailands Monarchy in Perspective. Editions Didier Millet, 2012Handley, Paul M. The King Never Smiles: A Biography of Thailands Bhumibol Adulyadej. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2006.  Bhumibol, a King of the People, Leaves Them to the Generals. The New York Times, October 13, 2016.

U.S Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Essay

U.S Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) - Essay Example By the early 1970s, the problems being created by drug use were severe enough to need more attention, time, and labor to try to sort them out. Therefore, President Richard Nixon created the Drug Enforcement Administration in July 1973 by Executive Order so that a solitary united command to fight the drugs war could be established (DEA, 2008). At its origin, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) had in total two thousand, seven hundred and seventy five employees, this includes a support staff of one thousand, three hundred and five, and the budget was a mere sixty five million dollars in 1972. By 1975, there were four thousand and seventy five employees, with two thousand, two hundred and thirty one special agents. They had an annual budget of one hundred and sixteen million dollars. By the turn of the century in 2000, the administration had nine thousand, one hundred and forty one employees, four thousand, five hundred and sixty six were special agents, and they had a budget of 1,586.6 million dollars. However, by 2007, the Drug Enforcement Agency had an amazing ten thousand, seven hundred and fifty nine employees, five thousand, two hundred and thirty five special agents, with an annual budget of 2.3 million dollars, and have eighty-seven offices in sixty-three countries (DEA, 2008). By 2008 the DEA had eleven thousand employees all together (The Associated Press, 2008). In 2002, more that twenty-six thousand United States citizens died from drug related causes. To put this in perspective, that is seven times larger number of people than those who died in the 9/11 attacks. The money spent on direct drug related costs is enormous, and includes costs for health care and drug treatment programs, costs of services and goods lost to drug related crimes, law enforcement, costs for jails and prisons, and the judicial system costs. Additionally, there are the indirect costs of drug related use and crime are loss of productivity due to ill health or

Dissatisfaction of employees in organization Assignment

Dissatisfaction of employees in organization - Assignment Example However, every employee has certain expectations from the company for, which they deliver their services. An employee craves for variable returns for his/her services being rendered to the organisation. A dis-satisfied employee may face variable amount of problems, which may result in decline of the productivity of the employees that will drastically affect the overall performance of an organisation (Anderson, 2011). Effective leadership quality and application of advanced procedures will ensure in directing the employees to the attainment of business objectives. In this context, dis-satisfaction among the employees arises due to ineffective management systems prevailing within the organisations. The paper intends to discuss about the problem prevailing within the organisation mentioned in the case study. The study also lays a dis-satisfaction amidst the employees and its adverse effects on productivity. In this respect, the current issues that are creating various factors of indiffe rences of a chosen organisational situation will be analysed upon. And based on the analysis, effective measures for curbing out the issues to improve the organisational situation will be determined thereon. ... An in depth analysis provides a clearer picture of that presented the aspects of inequalities within the organisation. This aspect seemed to take a negative turn within the entire organisation. It was learned that all the employees who were working within the organisation were not treated in an equal manner. It has been affirmed form the case scenario that the employees who dedicatedly invested their time and effort in meeting up the business requirements were not given equal treatments, benefits and perks as compared to other employees. This created a dis-satisfaction among the employees, which affected the productivity of the organisation. According to the brief scenario, broader benefits comprised of different opportunities pertaining to learning of multiple languages. The other benefits included proper motivation, opportunities pertaining to receiving scholarships, different forms of training among other beneficial factors. On the other hand, the scenario was totally different. T he other bunch of employees who seem to work very hard for the sake of the organisation did not received any returns from the organisation’s end. It seemed that all of efforts were simply getting wasted as there was no one to recognise their hard work. And these aspects ultimately lead to dissatisfaction among the employees as they were not receiving any kind of benefits or motivational support. The medical hospital mainly dealt with patients who suffered serious issues pertaining to addiction. In the addiction section of the particular organisation/ mental hospital, there were three types of staffs that mainly consisted of doctors, psychologists and nurses. It was around 100 employees who served in that particular section of the

Strategic management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Strategic management - Case Study Example Focused differentiation: Nike also pursues focused differentiation strategy where it focuses on serving the sports segment by providing the best sports products than other players in the segment. Nike serves two major market segments: footwear and apparel market segments. Nike utilized its competencies in design and marketing to penetrate new market segments. The company’s business-level strategies changed competition in the industry in that the company significantly reduced the threat of competition through acquisitions. The company resorted to purchasing other footwear companies that offered substitute products, for example, the company acquired Converse, Hurley International as well as Official Starter among others. Nike has made its products unique from those of competitors and relied on innovation for new product development. This has enabled the company to venture new markets. The company has used its competitive advantage over other competitors to stay on top of the

E-Commerce in Project Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

E-Commerce in Project Integration - Essay Example These applications use electronic communications systems and technology of internet (world wide web) and local area networks.1 These depend on computer and non computer technologies. The usage of non computer technologies can be speed up using the e commerce applications. For example the sales and transportation activities can be speeded up by timely communication using computer technologies. According to a survey the ecommerce business applications generated $12.3 billion sales in 2003. this sales is apart from the general sales. The concept of electronic commerce was not same as it was now when compared to 30 years back. The concept has changed with the change of technology. In the present day usage and the needs the e - commerce applications usually integrate various activities in the project management. 30 years back, the interchange of data and funds transfer used to be the meaning of e commerce. They included the transmission of purchase orders and invoices electronically. The process of integration is not present in the beginning. E - Commerce is combination of technology and business. The name itself will represent that combination. It can be defined as the set of processes that execute the business. The analysis of the information available also is part of e commerce. 20 years back, the initiation of credit cards and ATMs occurred. This increased the speed of transaction. After that the e commerce introduced the enterprise resource planning systems. These included data mining and ware housing of data. The increase of databases resulted in increasing the capacity of analysing by the e commerce applications. At present the e commerce includes a wide range of business activities. These activities include number of processes like e banking, offshore manufacturing and e logistics. The growth of the economies of the countries started to speed up when the industries in those countries used e commerce for the integration of their activities. The reason is that it speeded up the execution of transactions and deliver y and production of goods. In this paper the application and advantage of using e commerce for integrating the construction project management will be discussed. 2. E-Commerce in Construction Business Like any other business, the construction business involves the sales, purchase, cash and information transfer and transportation of goods. Along with the aforesaid topics, the process of tenders was also involved. All the above mentioned activities, transactions and processes involved in them can be speeded up by the integration using the e commerce applications. As the groceries are ordered online by customers, similarly the construction material also can be ordered online using e commerce applications. This is possible if the vendor of the construction material also have e commerce applications and using them. This entry of e commerce into number of sectors removed the barriers of selling in number of types of goods. This decreased the investment in establishment of showrooms for many small sized and big sized businesses and industries. As the usage of e commerce decrease the flow of customers to the showroom along with

Community Process at Tesco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Community Process at Tesco - Case Study Example The organisational communication plays an important role in formation of an organisation. Communication can be defined as "the transfer of meanings between persons and groups". Through communication people transfer an idea to other people. In this volatile and advanced business world the where only those organisations survive which tend to remain innovative, the importance of communication has increased multifold. In order to highlight the importance of communication we will undertake an analysis of the communication process at Tesco Plc. Although the communication process at Tesco is changing with the changing requirements of the organisation. The new and volatile communication process not only caters the needs of the organisation but also takes care of the employee's requirements. "Tesco has a confidential telephone help line, Protector Line, for any employee who wishes to raise concerns relating to alleged criminal offences, failure to comply with legal obligations, miscarriages of justice, health and safety, damage to the environment and concealment of any of these issues." (Tesco, 2006) How communication is defined at Tesco' What are the regulatory requirements for undertaking communication' How does Information security risk affect the communication process' What are the Confidentiality risks' What are the Availability risks' What are the Integrity risks' How does a global business organisation like Tesco select a framework of communication' What are the main difficulties faced by Tesco in undertaking effective communication' proposed methods: The methodology of this study will be based upon the interviews and questionnaires obtained by the author from being able to contact the employees at different financial institutions. First step is to identify the necessary variables that would make up the study. Locale of the Study: The study would be mainly based upon the accessibility of the Internet sites that are available for visiting through the web. In this regard, it would be reasonable enough to refer to the cyber space as the main domain of the study. The web sites providing information regarding hedging and its impacts on financial institutions will be used for the completion of this research study. Respondents: The respondents for this study are the employees from Tesco Plc at different posts. To be able to reach the respondents, the author of this paper will try to create e-mail messages that will first prompt the providers of the Internet information. The electronic interview forms will be send to the employees and the managers of the company. The names of the interviewees will be kept hidden for the sake of secrecy and confidentiality. Sampling Procedure: Since the results of the study are merely based upon the results given through e-mail response, the sampling procedure is simply dependent upon the ones who would be able to comply with the survey requirements. Hence, the only sample population

A healty way of life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A healty way of life - Essay Example There are some individuals who would go to any length to make sure that their exercise regimes are the best possible ones but would these bring any sanity within their life is hard to fathom. This is because some believe that exercising is good for their health which is not the case at times. In fact this can prove to be a hurdle on their frail body, especially for the ones who are weak and yet they indulge within exercises (Sloan, 2006). This is a well known and proven fact that exercising does not need to be vigorous in order to be termed as effective. This is the case because research and evidence of study has been on the side of the people who do exercises regularly yet in short spells. There needs to be a proper balance between what they eat and how they exercise so that their body and mind remain fit at the end of the day. Another important aspect of remaining healthy is to eat properly and that too within fixed schedules. This allows the people to feel good with their domains and they start enjoying their lives in a better way. Eating right does not need to be a boring task. In fact there must be excitement attached with how one eats and what one eats. The aspect of nourishment is very essential towards gaining an understanding of the ways and means through which one consumes food. When one follows a proper schedule where his diet comprises vitamins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, proteins and other food nutrients, the boring part involved with eating vanishes quickly. This nourishment can only come about when there are concerted efforts by the people who want to spend their lives in a very healthy manner. However, this is hardly the case because there are cravings that the human beings face from time to time, and they succumb to pressure within their bodies, which asks of them to eat whatever they feel like. Hence making food eating an exciting process is a much needed entity in this day and age, especially when it involves so much of time and energy. A lso the price entailed in bringing food to an individual is worth the effort as this ensures that he pays a particular price for what he wants within his life and how he wishes to have it within a quantifiable limit. Therefore it would be correct to state that eating healthy does not need to be a boring job at all. Moving ahead, it has been proven with sound research at hand that eating right prolongs one’s life to up to 10 to 15 years. If a person eats properly and that too in moderation, there is no reason why they cannot live his life happily. This is because he is eating healthy and then exercising in an adequate manner which in essence increases his life span by 10 to 15 years (Foxall, 1999). Nearly every person wishes to have a long life and if this is ensured with the help of a proper and healthy diet, then there is no reason why one cannot stick to such a health regime and plan. This will also be the basis of knowing how he will enjoy his life and take care of his nea r and dear ones as and when they like. Even though it is a difficult process to eat healthy, it requires strict vigilance on an individual’s part to make sure that there is no point in straying from the already thought out course of action. Therefore if a person wishes to extend his life duration by quite a considerable period of time, it is imperative that he eats right and takes

Community Process at Tesco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Community Process at Tesco - Case Study Example The organisational communication plays an important role in formation of an organisation. Communication can be defined as "the transfer of meanings between persons and groups". Through communication people transfer an idea to other people. In this volatile and advanced business world the where only those organisations survive which tend to remain innovative, the importance of communication has increased multifold. In order to highlight the importance of communication we will undertake an analysis of the communication process at Tesco Plc. Although the communication process at Tesco is changing with the changing requirements of the organisation. The new and volatile communication process not only caters the needs of the organisation but also takes care of the employee's requirements. "Tesco has a confidential telephone help line, Protector Line, for any employee who wishes to raise concerns relating to alleged criminal offences, failure to comply with legal obligations, miscarriages of justice, health and safety, damage to the environment and concealment of any of these issues." (Tesco, 2006) How communication is defined at Tesco' What are the regulatory requirements for undertaking communication' How does Information security risk affect the communication process' What are the Confidentiality risks' What are the Availability risks' What are the Integrity risks' How does a global business organisation like Tesco select a framework of communication' What are the main difficulties faced by Tesco in undertaking effective communication' proposed methods: The methodology of this study will be based upon the interviews and questionnaires obtained by the author from being able to contact the employees at different financial institutions. First step is to identify the necessary variables that would make up the study. Locale of the Study: The study would be mainly based upon the accessibility of the Internet sites that are available for visiting through the web. In this regard, it would be reasonable enough to refer to the cyber space as the main domain of the study. The web sites providing information regarding hedging and its impacts on financial institutions will be used for the completion of this research study. Respondents: The respondents for this study are the employees from Tesco Plc at different posts. To be able to reach the respondents, the author of this paper will try to create e-mail messages that will first prompt the providers of the Internet information. The electronic interview forms will be send to the employees and the managers of the company. The names of the interviewees will be kept hidden for the sake of secrecy and confidentiality. Sampling Procedure: Since the results of the study are merely based upon the results given through e-mail response, the sampling procedure is simply dependent upon the ones who would be able to comply with the survey requirements. Hence, the only sample population

Critically analyse any two of the main international environmental Research Paper

Critically analyse any two of the main international environmental agreements treaties currently in place - Research Paper Example To protect these characteristics and the overall environment of our planet it is of extreme importance that such human activities are kept in check. To carry out such a task international environmental agreements are agreed upon, enforced and implemented in different regions around the globe. Kyoto Protocol Introduction Greenhouse gasses are rapidly becoming a concern for developed and developing countries alike. The accumulation of carbon-dioxide, produced mainly from the burning of fossil fuels, has played a major role in increasing the average global temperature and other drastic climate changes. The changing global climate conditions led developed countries into formulating the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (United Nations 2003). The Protocol identified developed countries as the main contributors to the increase in carbon-dioxide emissions. The Protocol provided binding obligations regarding Carbon-dioxide emissions produced by an industrialized country (United Nations 2003). ... Critics argue that the Protocol is flawed in a number of ways and in no way can be economically efficient or politically practical (McKibbin and Wilcoxen 2002). Till this day negotiations are being conducted regarding the implementation of the Protocol. United States refusal to ratify the Protocol could imply that Kyoto Protocol would accomplish very little in terms of its objectives. Initial evaluation of the Protocol tends to suggest that approach of the protocol may have some serious flaws (Bohringer 2003). Key issues regarding climate protection The most widely used decision making process for the assessment of a climate policy is cost-benefit analysis. Under cost benefit analysis the cost of reduction of Greenhouse Gasses is compared with the benefits of reduction in global warming. Cost benefit analysis enables an understanding of the positive and negative impacts of climate policies in terms of monetary benefits and losses (Bohringer 2003). Policies regarding global climate ch ange must take into account interests of all countries. Accurate and complete data and cost benefit analysis could be used to help determine the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that a party should reduce and by what time. However in practicality most countries only work towards the achievements of objectives that are valuable to them and neglect the needs of other countries (Bohringer 2003). Uncertainty As mentioned above cost benefit analysis is used to assess the feasibility of environmental policies and requires detailed information to arrive to any conclusion. The effects of greenhouse gasses have still not been completely understood and the causality chain of these phenomenons is complex in

How a tourist chooses their destination: Research

How a tourist chooses their destination: Research TABLE OF CONTENT Content Page Objectives of Research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 Background †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Findings and Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Reference †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 OBJECTIVES Identify the term world tourist destinations Analyze how the characteristics of a destinations affect their appeal to tourist Identify the cultural, social and physical features of a tourist destination BACKGROUND The word tourist was used in, 1772 and tourism in, 1811. â€Å"William F.Theobald (1994) recommended that etymologically, the word tour is derived from the Latin, tornare and the Greek, tornos, imply a lathe or circle; the travel around a central point. The suffix –ism is described as an process; typical behavior or quality, while the suffix, –ist specify one that performs a given action. A destination is a specific location in which travelers decide to go to; therefore, tourist destination is primarily a travel city that attracts a large amount of tourist. Travelers may visit these destinations to see historic sites, natural wonders, or buildings. Some traveler’s attractions also contain activities, such as rides or games, or unique novelty. Souvenirs are often sold at the destinations, and many of these regions rely on the income generated by the tourists that visit. Historical sites are frequently considered tourist destination. Normally, something of some sort of historical significance happened in these areas. Monuments or battlegrounds can be regard as historical tourist attractions. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, is a good example of historical tourist areas, â€Å"Known for battle sites during the American Civil War in 1863, and resident of President Abraham Lincolns.† â€Å"Areas with beautiful and unique natural creations can also be considered tourist destinations. Visitors to these areas are generally able to see amazing natural wonders, such as a waterfalls or canyons. Example of such is the Niagara Falls where millions of people each year visit; this destination is located on the border of the United States and Canada. This marvelous site is considered to be one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.† METHODOLOGY Qualitative research will be used throughout this assessment. Qualitative research is all about exploring issues and understanding facts. In the primary data collection method, there will be questionnaire and interview questions The interview question were strutted benefits are, you would be better prepared to have follow up question when conducting the interview The secondary research elements that I utilized was of high assistant because the primary sources could not fulfill some of the requirements of the assignment, and these are internet, books, classroom notes and articles that help me to obtain legible information for completing the body of my research . LITERATURE REVIEW According Bhanumurth, (n.d) tourism is fast growing businesses in the world; it because the population have enlarged their free time and based on the cost of travel is not higher. Tourism boosts the employment and the revenue generation; tourism also contributes to the international trade among countries and supply beneficial foreign exchange. (Ramgulam, 2012). Therefore tourism is a quicker developing sector in the world, it because these days people have the ability spend the money go to travel see around the world. Ramgulam, (2012) cites as World Travel and Tourism council, (2009) also stated that tourism is fast growing business, so that it smooth the progress of the tourism development the WTO support countries diversify their economy. Destination is very vital in the tourism sector. Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) is playing a major role in the running destination network, and it also helps to raise the relationship between the cooperation and the destination actors. (Pechlaner, 2012). Moreover destination believes as a tourism product. A destination not creates by one action then can become a destination it needs other process just can build â€Å"a destination product such as the tourism attractions, tourism institutions, transportation, hospitality, food and beverage lastly is host community. Gather all the operation it can build a successful destination package. (Botti, 2009).† Tourist chooses one destination over another for the reason, such as cultural appeal, destination’s features and attractions, customer’s ability to access the area. In dealing with tourist destination there are many characteristic that affect the appeal of the area, such as infant mortality, life expectancy, level of poverty and migration from rural to urban. With dealing with tourism government and the industry has to deal with political instability which is describe as a condition of a country where as been toppled, also as a tourist you have to considered the type of leadership style that in the destination of visit, because one doesn’t want to be within a country that under a absolutist FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS LO1: Understand the scope of key UK and worldwide tourist destinations 1.1 According to UNWTO’s statistics France had attracted 83.0 million tourist in 2012 a 1.8% grow from 2011. France had invested a total sum of 37.2bn which is $64.2bn less than China and profited from a lump sum of $46.2bn. The main attraction in France are beaches, ski resorts, seaside resorts, villages, museums and galleries, amusement and theme parks, castles, palaces and historic sites. Paris being the capital and largest city holds most attractions. Unlike china, France is more of a multi cultural place celebrating and sharing traditions, cultures and religions from around the world. China has attracted 57.7 million visitors in 2012 which is an increase 3.4% from what they achieved in 2010. Reasons France generates 5th more tourists in the world is because of currency, Euro is very strong. People from France travel to other countries and exchange their currency, they could get much enough money to spend their vacation. Population, France is 21nd rank (65,027,000) in world’s population list. This could be a one of the reason why France generates more tourists also French can get visa’s to travel all over the countries and also passport is acceptable in more countries to travel by on arrival visa unlike China which is the opposite expect for their currency which is also very strong. 1.2 In 2012 there were 1.03bn international tourist arrivals worldwide, with a growth of 4.0% as compared to 995 million in 2011, according to UNWTO’s. France had 83.0 million tourists in 2012 and 81.6 million in 2011 comparing to china that had 57.7 million in 2012 and 57.6 million in 2011, clearly tourist had preferred France as on destination compare to China. The UNWTO is predicting tourism should increase in rate in nature and culture tourism as well as health and black tourism. A tourist doesn’t always want to experience beach lust, some tourist rather a mixture of culture, adventure and other features and attraction of the destination which would make France one of the top tourist arrivals because a variety in its destination. Recent studies from the World Trade Organization (WTO) says in 2020 China will become the largest tourist country and the second largest for overseas travel. Presently, china is ranked the third and is likely to be the fastest in travel spe nding. Thus china is expected to be the fastest growing in the World from 2006 to 2015. Thereafter china will jump into the number two place for total travel spending by 2015. While France holds of tourist view for taste, it has numerous great appeals to the area. As the years are to come, the travel and tourism industry is expected to stay a major part for job creation and growth in France. France as a tourist destination is facing many competition against many other destinations; such as Turkey, China and India. Tourism is predictable to face major challenges in the next few years, from globalization to environmental issues. To tackle these issues, the French government commenced a new plan, â€Å"Stratà ©gie Destination France 2010-2020†, designed at making tourism more competitive and environmentally-sustainable. LO2: Understand the culture, social and physical features of tourist destinations. 2.1 Tourist chooses one destination over another because of the destination itself, customers’ ability to access the area, cultural and social and physical appeal. For example France has a rich culture and has been shaped by geography profound historical events. France, and in particular Paris has played an important role as a centre of high culture since the 17th century in cinema, fashion, cuisine and language. Social appeal of France refers to respecting human rights and equal opportunities for all in society. It requires an equitable sharing of benefits, with a focus on alleviating poverty. There is an emphasis on local communities, maintaining and strengthening their life support systems, recognizing and respecting different cultures and avoiding any form of exploitation. France has display that it has many physical features of the country such as River Seine, River Loire, River Garonne and the Alps, Massif Central and Pyrenees which are mountain ranges. France also has t he highest mountain Mont Blanc, the Island of Corsica and the Ardennes forest. While China cultural features include Chinese architecture, dragon-boat racing, inventions and technology, shanghai and scared peak. Tourism in China has greatly expanded over the last few decades since the beginning of reform and opening. The emergence of a newly rich middle class and easing of restrictions on movement by Chinese authorities are both fueling this travel boom. China physical appeals of tourist also include forests, deserts, extensive mountain ranges, plateaus, sub-tropical forests and rugged high altitudes. In comparison of France and China, France has shown that its cultural, social and physical are of rich background and of such tourist gravitate to the destination much more. China has great features to the destination and because of such it lays at the third position worldwide. 2.2 France is about 80% the size of Texas. Near the Italian and Swiss borders is the highest point—Mont Blanc. It is the largest country in the Western Europe and the European Union, and the third-largest in Europe, with the population of 66million. Paris being the capital which is the nation largest city and main cultural centre has over 37 sites inscribed in UNESCO’s World Heritage List and features of high cultural interest such as beaches and seaside resorts and rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquility. Some of the tourist destination site includes: Disneyland Paris theme park, Eiffel Tower, Louvre Museum, Palace of Versailles and Musee d’Orsay. With 475 airports and an effective railway system accessibility is not of an issue to France along with visa requirements. Even thought France is a top tourist destination, this country faces many issues like others countries, like: the legalizing of gay marriages, prostitution, immigration and poor suburbs. The major issue France faces is human trafficking, which was stated by refworld.org that twenty thousand people in France’s commercial sex trade and about 75% of which are tourist. In comparison to China that is located in East Asia and has a population of over 1.35 billion and covering approximately 9.6million sq kilometers, China is the world second largest country, which has a single-party state governed by the Communist Party with its seat of government in the capital of Beijing. China has become one of the world most visited country for both inbound and outbound tourist, which had generated 57.7million tourist in 2012 and place the country third on the top tourist destination sites. Some of China famous destination sites include: Yabulin Ski Resort, Hong Kong, Forbidden City and the Great Wall of China. Even thought China is third on the destination scale, to be at the top and stay there the destination has to deal with current issue affecting tourism such as travel requirement which is expensive, time consuming to some tourist, language and accessibility. LO3 Understand how the characteristics of destination affect their appeal to tourists 3.1 It is not easy to compare the appeals of France tourist with that of China because they have different yet similar characteristics. China is located in East Asia and has a population of 1.34billion and of 9,706,961 km ². China is one of the oldest socialist country and its ranked a hundred and sixteen place in the world terms of environmental sustainability. The climate varies greatly. The winters are cold and summers are hot, however although the winters are cold, they are dry unlike American and the summers are very rainy. The most popular tourist attractions are: Pudong Skyline, Mogao Caves (finest Buddhist art cave), Leshan Giant Buddha, Mount Huang, Li River Cruise, Terracotta Army which is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting armies of Qin Shi Huang the first Emperor of china, Victoria Harbour which is the deepest ports in the world that sunning views of skyscrapers of Hong Kong and Tsim Sha Tsui shoreline, Forbidden City, Potala Palace and the Great wall of China Comparing the physical features of France and China, we can say that both of tthem have beautiful and unique landscape and a great biodiversity; however China is popular for its great flora and fauna. France has amazing physical features but consideration of weather should always be in tourist plans. Culture is another important factor and although China has an original culture, France represents a special Chapter for humankind: Literature, theatre, music, architecture, museums and cuisine. It is very hard to produce the French culture in one paragraph hence my conclusion is that both destination have a lot to offer to tourist in terms of infrastructure, transportation, accommodation and attractions and will continue to do so once they have an sustainable tourism development plan. 3.2 Evaluating the characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal in various factor that have to be taken in consideration: The over commercialized resorts or destinations can lead to overcrowding and a high rise of buildings. In France this experience has been kept under control by the authorities, because the infrastructure has suffered a continuous development and the law enforcement has been trained very effective to cope with the large number of tourists, especially in the summer time. Sales promotion and advertising can have a negative impact on tourism, like the terrorist attacks on 9/11 2001 in USA and 7/7 2005 in UK. A positive impact can occur, for example the media coverage for the 2012 Olympics. Crime is one of the most important factors that influence the choice of any tourist. France is one of the safest countries in the world, however many tourists are targeted by pick-pockets in crowded areas like Oxford Street in London or resorts like Brighton and Bournemouth. * Product life cycle – the authorities in UK have strong involvement in tourism, providing many facilities and services for visitors, for example there are numerous tourist information centres, maps with current location can be found in most of the bus, train and underground stations, all police officers are trained to help tourists and there are many interactive digital maps located in the most visited places. For 2012 Olympics, London has suffered massive development works: widening North Circular, the development of East London area or improving the transport system. The situation of the economy can have a negative influence on tourism for a country like UK: the inflation, the exchange rate, the infras tructure costs will result in less investment in critical areas like health, social care or education. APPENDIX Fig 1.1 REFERENCE What Is a Tourist Destination? (with pictures). 2014. What is a Tourist Destination? (with pictures). [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-tourist-destination.htm. [Accessed 12 March 12, 2014]. Tourism – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2014. Tourism- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism. [Accessed 12 March 12, 2014]. Niagara Falls Traditions l Lifestyle and Habits of Niagara Falls Residents – USA for Tourists. 2014. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.orangesmile.com/travelguide-niagara-falls/traditions-20088351.htm. [Accessed 12 March 12, 2014]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France#Tourism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Tourism_rankings http://www.cnto.org/ www.bized.co.uk/sites/bized/files/docs/appeal1.ppt‎ View shared post